Types of scoliosis by nature can be divided into three categories: the first is idiopathic scoliosis whose pathogenesis is still unclear; the second is congenital scoliosis caused by its own skeletal developmental abnormalities, which is more common in clinical practice; the third is secondary scoliosis caused by neurological lesions or muscle lesions themselves, called neuromuscular scoliosis. The causes and characteristics of idiopathic scoliosis, the current study that a variety of factors control, but the clear pathogenesis is not clear. In congenital scoliosis, the pathogenesis is due to a high concentration of carbon monoxide inhaled by the mother during early pregnancy, or if she has taken some medications or ingested some chemicals during the first two weeks of pregnancy that cause abnormalities in the bone structure, thus triggering congenital scoliosis in the fetus. Idiopathic scoliosis is more prevalent in women than in men, and congenital scoliosis is more common in men. Myths Many parents of affected children have a misconception that scoliosis can be straightened by pulling on a bar. In fact, pulling can relieve muscle fatigue but has no effect on the correction of scoliosis, and the treatment plan for scoliosis must be determined with the help of imaging. Examination and treatment Examination
In daily life, if a child is found to have asymmetrical shoulders, an uneven back, a skewed pelvis or abnormal discoloration or hair on the skin of the back, attention should be paid and the spinal sequence should be examined at the hospital through X-ray and clinical examination to see if it is normal. If no deformity is found, the child should be observed regularly and his or her development should be closely monitored. Treatment Treatment options for scoliosis depend on the degree and type of curvature. Most patients with congenital scoliosis require early surgery because the condition is detected at birth. There are three treatment options for idiopathic scoliosis: observation therapy, brace therapy, and surgery. If the child is found to have a small degree of scoliosis and the degree of scoliosis is relatively small, then a check-up is done every six months, and if the degree of scoliosis is significant, an X-ray is taken to check for development, which is observation therapy. For patients with scoliosis between 25 and 35 degrees and younger than 10 years of age, a second type of treatment is usually required, namely bracing. Bracing is the primary conservative treatment designed to control or slow the progression of scoliosis, but not to correct the scoliosis. For some patients, the rate of progression is controlled and the disease does not progress in adulthood. However, for some patients conservative treatment still does not control the progression. The third method is surgery. For scoliosis of 40 or 45 degrees or more, brace treatment is ineffective and can cause changes in spinal function if no action is taken, so surgery is recommended for this group of patients. Surgical treatment
The effectiveness of surgery depends on the experience of the surgeon and the type of scoliosis of the patient. Idiopathic scoliosis, when corrected surgically, is more effective. In general, mild to moderate scoliosis is treated surgically with very good results. For severe scoliosis, the patient is at greater risk and the orthopedic effect can only be about 50%. Since this surgery is performed around the nerves, it may cause nerve damage and therefore carries some risk. The best time to operate depends on the age and type of scoliosis present. For congenital scoliosis, the earlier the age of surgery, the better. For idiopathic scoliosis, observation is usually required depending on the severity. Premature surgery can affect the growth of the spine, the development of the thoracic cavity, and the development of the heart and lungs. Precautions and review Post-operative precautions
After surgery, it is important to gradually increase the amount of activity, mainly aerobic exercise. Three months after surgery, if it has been fixed very firmly, there is no problem with other activities and anaerobic exercises, except for high jumping and long jumping, which cannot be done. Review It is recommended to review every six months for two years after surgery. If the control is good, the review time can be extended to once a year or even once every two years, mainly depending on the control of spinal deformity.