The survival time of a patient with aplastic anemia depends mainly on his type of reoccurrence, the treatment and the effectiveness of the treatment. Aplastic anemia is a hematologic systemic hematopoietic failure disease, which is divided into non-heavy and heavy reblasts. For non-heavy reoccurrence (chronic reoccurrence), long-term survival is possible after treatment with androgens and cyclosporine; patients with poor treatment effect and need to rely on repeated blood transfusion have a shorter survival period; for complete cure, it is necessary to actively search for a suitable donor and perform hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as early as possible. For patients with heavy reoccurrence, sibling allogeneic allogeneic HSCT is preferred and most patients can survive for a long time after transplantation; for patients who cannot be transplanted, anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) + cyclosporine immunosuppressive therapy can be used and the treatment efficiency can reach 70%-80%, but immunosuppressive therapy (IST) is slow to take effect and requires high intensity blood transfusion support and anti-infection support therapy during treatment. Therefore, for patients with heavy reoccurrence, it is partially curable with active treatment. Patients with reoccurrence should pay attention to adding clothes, avoiding cold, wearing masks when going out, eating foods rich in vitamin B12 animal protein and folic acid vegetables, paying attention to personal hygiene and regular follow-up.