In principle, liver transplantation is indicated when various acute or chronic liver diseases cannot be cured by other medical and surgical methods and death is not expected to be avoided in the short term (6-12 months). Specifically: 1. End-stage benign liver disease with complications of portal hypertension such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, refractory ascites, etc. These benign liver diseases include hepatitis B or C-related cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, etc.; Huai Mingsheng, Organ Transplantation Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China 2. 3. Malignant tumors of the liver: primary hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hepatic fibrous lamellar carcinoma, hepatoportal cholangiocarcinoma, hepatic metastatic carcinoma after resection of the primary lesion; 4. Various congenital metabolic diseases: Wilson’s disease, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, hepatic glycogen storage disease, etc.; 5. Congenital malformations: congenital biliary atresia, polycystic liver leading to liver failure, liver giant or multiple hemangiomas leading to liver failure; 6. Liver failure; 6. Intrahepatic multiple bile duct stones, other treatment methods are ineffective with liver failure; 7. Vascular anomalies leading to Budd-Chiari syndrome.