Cervical cancer is a serious threat to women’s health and is the third most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. In China, cervical cancer ranks first among female reproductive system tumors, with an average of about 75,000 women diagnosed with cervical cancer and about 34,000 women dying of cervical cancer every year. Etiology 1. Marriage and sexual life: it is related to early marriage, early childbirth, multiple births, premature and frequent sexual life, and chaotic sexual life; 2. Infection: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary cause, and HPV infection is also a necessary factor in the development of cervical cancer. In addition, herpes virus type II, syphilis, chlamydia and other infections may also be related to the development of cervical cancer; 3. Other related factors: the development of cervical cancer is also related to cervical erosion, endocrine disorders, smoking, family history of tumor, malnutrition and other factors. Staging Stage I Cancer is confined to the cervix. Stage Ia No lesion is visible to the naked eye of the cervix but the diagnosis can only be made under microscope, also known as early infiltrating carcinoma, microscopic infiltrating carcinoma, early infiltrating carcinoma in situ, etc. The depth of interstitial infiltration does not exceed 5 mm and the horizontal range of infiltration does not exceed 7 mm. Stage Ia1 The depth of interstitial infiltration does not exceed 3 mm and the horizontal range of infiltration does not exceed 7 mm. Stage Ia2 The depth of interstitial infiltration exceeds 3 mm but does not exceed 5 mm and the horizontal range of infiltration does not exceed 7 mm. Stage Ib The scope and depth of microscopic lesion exceeds stage Ia2, or the cervical tumor lesion is visible to the naked eye on clinical examination. Interstitial infiltration, intravascular or lymphatic vessels with tumor emboli do not change the stage, but should be noted so that future judgment can be made as to whether it affects the outcome of treatment. Stage Ib1 Cervical tumor lesions not exceeding 4 cm in diameter are visible to the naked eye on clinical examination. Stage Ib2 Cervical tumor lesions greater than 4 cm in diameter are visible to the naked eye on clinical examination. Stage II The cancer exceeds the cervix but the vaginal infiltrate does not reach the lower third and the parametrial infiltrate does not reach the pelvic wall. Stage IIa Cancer involving mainly the vagina without parametrial involvement. Stage IIa1 The largest diameter of the lesion does not exceed 4 cm. Stage IIa2 The largest diameter of the lesion is greater than 4 cm. Stage IIb The cancer infiltrates mainly the parametrial tissue and does not reach the pelvic wall. Stage III The cancer exceeds the cervix, infiltrates the lower third of the vagina, or infiltrates the parametrium to the pelvic wall, or causes hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney. Stage IIIa Cancer involving mainly the vagina, reaching the lower third of the vagina, without invading the pelvic wall. Stage IIIb Cancer infiltrates mainly into the parametrium, and or the parametrium infiltrates into the pelvic wall, and or causes hydronephrosis and non-functioning kidney. Stage IV Cancer spreads beyond the true pelvis or cancer infiltrates the bladder mucosa or rectal mucosa. Stage IVa Cancer infiltrates adjacent organs. Stage IVb Infiltration beyond the true pelvis with distant metastasis.