Several studies have now shown that HPV can be transmitted through the hands of infected individuals and their sexual partners: Dr. Hernandez followed 25 heterosexual, monogamous couples and tested their genital and dominant hands for HPV infection every other month for an average of 7.5 months. The study found that two couples had high-risk HPV transmission from the male genitalia to the female dominant hand, two wives had HPV transmission from the dominant hand to the husband’s genitalia, one wife had HPV transmission from the wife’s genitalia to the husband’s dominant hand, and two husbands and two wives each had HPV transmission from their own genitalia to their own hand. Dr. Winslow’s study also found that HPV was detectable in the fingertips of more than half of men whose genitalia were infected with high-risk HPV. Another study also reported that HPV was detected on the fingertips of only 1% of women without any sexual activity, and about 10% of women with a history of hand-genital contact even without introitus penetration were positive for HPV. In conclusion, the main transmission route of HPV infection is sexual contact, while non-sexual HPV transmission routes (e.g. hand) due to the relatively small sample size of the study, further studies are still needed to clarify whether hand transmission has a direct correlation in the infection and morbidity of HPV, which can help guide clinical prevention and control of HPV infection.