Recently, the cardiovascular surgery department of our hospital diagnosed a 40-year-old young patient with “infective endocarditis” in our Infection and Immunology Department after repeated treatment in outside hospitals for more than two months for recurrent fever and breathlessness, and transferred him to our cardiovascular surgery department for emergency surgery of “removal of infected superfluous lesions, aortic valve and mitral valve replacement, as well as aortic root repair and bypass grafting”. The patient was a middle-aged male with aortic valve and mitral valve replacement, as well as aortic root repair and coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient was a middle-aged male who had been suffering from fever for more than a month without regular and effective treatment for economic reasons. The patient’s heart mitral valve and aortic valve were eroded by bacterial infection, resulting in more serious mitral valve and aortic valve regurgitation and heart failure, and the fever could not be controlled. When the patient’s life was in danger, the patient and his family recognized the danger of the disease and finally decided to operate, and the cardiovascular surgery department performed emergency surgery to save the patient’s life. The patient’s aortic valve and mitral valve were found to be severely infected with huge bacterial growths, and more seriously, the patient’s aortic root was eroded by infected foci, two of which had eroded through the aortic wall with only the outer membrane wrapped around them. In general, infected endocarditis lesions are surgically removed before prosthetic valves are placed. This patient not only required replacement of the infected valve, but also required repair and angioplasty of the infected aortic root, with one of the perforations located in the right coronary artery opening, and coronary artery bypass grafting to protect the right coronary artery supply. The severe infection posed an extraordinary difficulty to the operation. Faced with the sudden and difficult challenge, the cardiovascular surgery team, based on their advanced skills in valve surgery, macrovascular surgery and coronary surgery, responded flexibly and successfully removed the infected foci, implanted two prosthetic valves, repaired and shaped the aortic root and completed non-stop coronary artery bypass grafting, giving the patient hope for survival. This case of severe infective endocarditis is the 37th case of the same type of patient admitted to the Cardiovascular Surgery Department of General Hospital this year, an increase of more than 20 cases compared with the same period last year, especially since the beginning of winter, this type of patient has increased significantly. Based on its strong comprehensive technical strength, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiology and Department of Infection and Immunology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of infective endocarditis using the latest international academic standards as treatment guidelines, and the number of patients admitted and cured each year far exceeds that of other large hospitals in Tianjin. Infective endocarditis, which refers to inflammation of the heart valves or the inner lining of the ventricular wall due to direct infection by bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms such as viruses, is a lethal disease in the absence of aggressive antibiotic and surgical treatment. According to statistics, the annual incidence rate in Asians is about 7.6/100,000, and the mortality rate is about 16%-25%, or even higher. It is roughly estimated that about 700 people suffer from this disease in Tianjin every year. In recent years, the incidence of infective endocarditis has been on the rise due to the aging of the population, the use and development of medical treatments such as interventional therapy and cardiac surgery, and the increase in the number of intravenous drug addicts. Infective endocarditis is divided into four categories: autologous valve endocarditis (mainly seen in patients with pre-existing heart disease such as rheumatic heart disease, precordial disease, degenerative valve disease, etc.), prosthetic valve endocarditis, endocarditis in intravenous drug addicts, and nosocomial acquired endocarditis (parachute block and pacemaker implants, osteomyelitis patients, hemodialysis patients, immunosuppressed patients, dental extractions, etc.). Typical clinical manifestations of infective endocarditis include fever, heart murmur, anemia, organ embolism, skin lesions, splenomegaly, and positive blood cultures. In recent years, the level of prevention and treatment of infective endocarditis has improved considerably, thanks to a dramatic shift in the concept of treatment: early surgical intervention and emergency surgery have greatly improved the cure rate and reduced the mortality rate of the disease compared to the previous practice of waiting for antibiotics to control the infection before performing surgery. Because infection is often difficult to control in clinical practice with antibiotics alone, a large number of patients lose the opportunity for surgery and cure while waiting according to the old concept. The indications for surgical treatment are briefly summarized as follows: progressive exacerbation of heart failure, uncontrolled fever, and large superfluous organisms. Most patients tend to have prolonged recurrent fever as the main manifestation, which cannot be controlled by repeated antibiotic treatment, and finally the diagnosis of the disease is suggested by blood culture and cardiac ultrasound and other tests arranged by high-level hospitals. Therefore, the current problem is that a large number of patients with prolonged fever due to infective endocarditis are likely to not have access to standardized care because they are afraid of the disease, or because they are afraid of spending money in large hospitals, or for a variety of other reasons. Patients who spend too much time in medical units that do not have the technical expertise and experience to treat them can suffer delays in the diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis, which can affect the effectiveness of treatment and even lead to missed treatment opportunities. Therefore, to improve the overall treatment outcome of patients with infective endocarditis, it is necessary for all health care professionals and, more importantly, the whole society to deepen their awareness, raise their vigilance and change their mindset.