At the time of autumn and winter, the weather changes significantly, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the air is dry, the human respiratory system is vulnerable to disease. Therefore, when we enjoy the beautiful weather of autumn, we should also pay attention to scientific health care to prevent the occurrence of respiratory diseases. I. Upper respiratory tract infection Acute upper respiratory tract infection is a general term for acute inflammation of the nose, throat and pharynx, and is one of the most common infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. Most of them (more than 80%) are caused by viruses, and a few are caused by bacteria. The disease has an acute onset and is clinically manifested by fever, sore throat, sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, hoarseness, cough and chest pain, often accompanied by generalized pain, fatigue, headache and loss of appetite. Acute upper respiratory tract infections can be spread by droplets containing pathogens or contaminated utensils. Most of them are sporadic, and are often prevalent during sudden changes in climate. Prevention and treatment should pay attention to the following aspects: 1, keep the air clean, pay attention to indoor and outdoor air circulation; 2, develop good hygiene habits, do not spit; 3, less crowded, crowded public places, and need to pay attention to personal protection when in contact with patients; 4, drink more water; 5, do not overeat, eat more vegetables and fruits, less spicy, stimulating food; 6, have enough sleep, do not Smoking will weaken the body’s resistance; 8. Pay attention to the cold and keep warm, and increase outdoor activities to improve resistance. If you have low fever, runny nose, nasal congestion and sore throat, you may be suffering from upper respiratory tract infection. If the patient’s temperature reaches 38.0℃ or higher and lasts for more than 3 days, accompanied by coughing, coughing, chest pain and shortness of breath, he/she may have bronchitis or pneumonia, and should go to the hospital in time to avoid aggravation. Second, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (referred to as slow obstructive pulmonary) is an airway obstructive disease characterized by progressive irreversible airflow obstruction, a devastating lung disease, mainly including chronic bronchitis, obstructive emphysema, etc. Smoking, atmospheric pollution, viral infection, and genetics are the main causes. Clinically, it manifests as long-term recurrent cough, sputum production and/or wheezing, which may develop into pulmonary heart disease over time and eventually may also involve all systems of the body. The onset of COPD peaks in the fall and winter when the seasons change. To prevent “slow obstructive pulmonary disease”, we should pay attention to the following: 1) quit smoking and avoid inhaling dust and smoke; 2) prevent upper respiratory tract infections, and once symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections appear, anti-infective drugs should be applied early and reasonably under the guidance of a doctor; 2) keep the respiratory tract open. If there is phlegm can not cough up, it will aggravate the obstruction of the respiratory tract, which is an important factor in the aggravation of chronic obstructive pulmonary. Do not simply apply cough suppressants, but use phlegmolytic drugs according to the doctor’s instruction; 3. Adjust dietary nutrition, give high-quality protein (milk, fish, eggs, etc.), vitamins and easily digestible food; 5. Home oxygen therapy, insist on long-term, continuous, low-concentration oxygen absorption. Generally require more than 14 hours a day, especially at night when sleeping without interruption; 6, can be under the guidance of the doctor to carry out abdominal breathing, lip reduction breathing and other rehabilitation training. Depending on the patient’s condition, quantitative walking or stair climbing exercises are performed to improve endurance and enhance lung function. However, excessive exercise should be avoided to increase the burden on the heart. Third, bronchial asthma Bronchial asthma is a very common episodic allergic disease, often seasonal, with more onset in spring and autumn. There are many factors that trigger bronchial asthma, and there are more viral respiratory infections due to more frequent weather changes and sudden changes in autumn and winter. Some allergenic plant pollen, dust mites, etc., increase in concentration in spring and autumn; when the temperature and humidity are suitable, it is also easy for bacteria to multiply; when the air pressure is low, pollen, harmful dust, irritant gases, etc., can gather on the ground, so that the concentration increases and can be easily inhaled. Now is the season of autumn and winter, which is also the peak period of bronchial asthma. To prevent and treat bronchial asthma, we should pay attention to the following aspects: 1. Strengthen the education of patients and their families to make them understand asthma correctly, judge the condition, and apply prevention and treatment methods correctly; 2. Insist on long-term and regular asthma treatment under the guidance of specialists, regularly use surface hormone nebulizer inhalation combined with a small amount of bronchodilator drugs to reduce airway reactivity, reduce asthma attacks and control the condition stably; 3. Avoid triggering factors such as cold, allergens, cold air stimulation, mental tension and excessive fatigue; 4. Seek medical consultation for asthma patients with aura symptoms such as rhinitis, cough and respiratory tract infection to reduce asthma attacks; 5. Although the change of autumn and winter seasons is a high incidence of respiratory diseases, but as long as we do a good job of scientific health care, autumn can still become a season to relax and enjoy life.