1, ward environment requirements Patients enter the ICU laminar flow sterilization ward after surgery, indoor temperature 20 ℃ ~ 24 ℃, humidity 50% ~ 60%. The air in the ward should be fresh and disinfected by ultraviolet light once a day, and the number of escorts and visitors should be reduced to avoid increasing exogenous infection. 2.Postoperative position requirements Before the anesthesia is awake, the patient should lie flat on the pillow, head to the side, after the patient is awake and the blood pressure is stable, the patient can change to the flat position and elevate the head of the bed by 30°~60° to facilitate lung gas exchange and relax the thoracic and abdominal muscles to reduce incision pain. 3. Keep the airway unobstructed (1) Instruct the patient to breathe deeply and cough from deep at the end of breathing gas to facilitate the elimination of sputum. (2) Pat the patient’s back frequently. Method: The patient takes a semi-recumbent position, the operator stands on the patient’s affected side and taps the contralateral lung with the palm of the hand in the shape of a cup, and taps the lobe of the healthy side with the force of the wrist, from the bottom to the top and from the outside to the inside. (3) If the sputum is sticky and should not be coughed up, nebulized inhalation can be given. Medication: saline 30 ml with gentamicin 80,000 u and chymotrypsin 4000 u, 3 times a day for 20 min. to dilute sputum, reduce sputum resistance and facilitate sputum expulsion, while the drug enters the alveoli to reduce infection. (4) Encourage the patient to blow up the balloon. The patient breathes deeply while the position of diaphragm decreases to improve the ventilation of invalid cavity, which is conducive to the elimination of pleural air and fluid accumulation, guaranteeing effective ventilation and preventing lung infection. (5) Encourage the patient to move around in bed. Instruct and assist patients to get out of bed for moderate activities to increase lung capacity and reduce pulmonary complications, but avoid overdoing it, and patients with cardiovascular disease should be cautious to prevent accidents. (4) Do oral care Oral care is a basic operation for prevention and control of infection, which can reduce the normally parasitic flora in the oral cavity, prevent the downward migration of bacteria and reduce the chance of pulmonary infection, and encourage mouth rinsing for those who are awake, but should prevent accidental swallowing.