Home care for cough 1. Indoor environment Don’t raise dust, don’t smoke in the baby’s room, clean up with a damp cloth to gently wipe or mop the floor, and clean the air conditioner before use. Keep the indoor temperature relatively stable because when the room temperature changes suddenly, the cough or throat sensation will worsen. Increase the humidity in the room by using a humidifier or hanging wet towels or placing water basins indoors. 2. Coughing fits When a coughing fit is intense, lift the upper body and sit up , or put some towels under the covers to make the child feel comfortable. Gently pat the back to help expel the phlegm. 3. Food When phlegm is blocking the throat, give the child cool boiled water or juice in small amounts several times to help dissolve the phlegm. When coughing with vomiting, choose easy-to-digest food for your child to eat. The flu is also known as the upper sense, that is, acute upper whistle infection, is a common pediatric disease. According to statistics, infants and young children get colds up to 4-6 times a year, especially when they first start kindergarten. Most colds in babies are caused by viruses. After weaning, the baby’s inherited antibodies from the mother begin to weaken, while its own immune function has not yet been established, the amount of sIgA secreted by the whistle tract is very small and cannot protect the mucous membrane of the whistle tract from bacteria and viruses, coupled with the complex environment of kindergarten, making the baby susceptible to colds. 1, careful observation Daily careful observation of the baby’s whole body for rash; underarm and root thigh lymph nodes for swelling; eyes for dullness; whole body for bleeding spots; diarrhea, etc. This is because some diseases, such as hand, foot and mouth disease, scarlet fever and autumn diarrhea have very similar early symptoms to a cold. If there is a delay in recovery from a cold and the symptoms worsen, with coughing and tightness of breath, there is thought of any aggravation of the disease or complications. 6 months to 3 years old children with colds, also be alert to high fever convulsions. The cold itself is caused by a virus, but after the cold resistance is reduced, germs may take advantage of the opportunity to stimulate bacterial infection. The infection can spread from the lower whistle tract downward, or it may spread throughout the body with the blood circulation, causing sepsis or other septic diseases. In addition, it may also cause immune diseases such as rheumatic fever and acute nephritis. Therefore, attention should be paid to: Otitis media: high fever, ear pain, irritability, scratching ears Sinusitis: runny nose for more than ten days without improvement, and yellow-green thick nasal discharge, severe nasal congestion, headache Pneumonia: high fever, difficulty in breathing, increased cough, loss of appetite Meningitis: stiff neck, severe pain, vomiting, fever, fear of light, and even unconsciousness 2, adequate rest The younger the child is, the more he needs adequate rest Sometimes, even if the baby is sick, he or she will not necessarily rest, but will instead pester the mother. This indicates that the child still has strength and the mother does not need to worry about it. During the rest period of the sick child, keep the room temperature appropriate, fresh air, moist, no smoking. 3.Nasal congestion and runny nose Before breastfeeding, the mother can use a hot towel to put on the baby’s nose or rub the nose gently to make the runny nose flow easily. When breastfeeding, you can take a break and put your face sideways to make the stuffy nose on the upper side disappear. If the nose is sticky, you can use a nasal aspirator to suck it out. If only nasal congestion, no fever and cough other symptoms, the mother can give the baby a hot bath, moisture can make the nose open. 4. Take your medication on time Even if the fever goes down, it doesn’t mean that your baby will get better right away, there will still be other symptoms such as runny nose or cough. At this time, the baby’s resistance is still very weak, if there is a cough, continue to treat. Children with fever often have a poor appetite, so you can arrange to eat when the child’s temperature is close to normal after the fever has subsided, when the child feels slightly more comfortable and can eat some food, such as liquid porridge, noodles, etc.. Children who are breast-fed should be fed less frequently to avoid indigestion such as vomiting and diarrhea. Prevention of colds Most children with recurrent colds are in poor physical condition and have low immune function. The following measures can be taken to improve the child’s resistance. 1, try to breastfeed At least three months of breast milk, breast milk is the most ideal food for children, especially colostrum at the beginning of childbirth, rich in antibodies and trace elements, which help prevent whistle infections and gastrointestinal tract infections, and breastfeeding should be encouraged. 2, on time vaccination timely vaccination measles, pertussis, rubella and other vaccinations, can improve the child’s resistance to these respiratory infections. 3, reduce the exposure to pathogens winter, spring and other high incidence of respiratory diseases, pay attention to increase and decrease clothing, as far as possible, do not take the child to a large number of public places to reduce the exposure to pathogenic bacteria. If the family has a cold, avoid contact, and pay attention to home ventilation. 4, increase nutrition Eat more food rich in high-quality protein and vitamins. Tonsillitis There are two tonsils behind the pharynx, which are very small at birth and gradually increase in size after puberty. When the child is 6 or 7 years old, the tonsils are the largest and gradually shrink after puberty, but they do not disappear. Children who have just started school have large tonsils, which perform the function of blocking the invasion of infection when the whistling tract begins to be attacked by various sources of infection. Tonsillitis is caused by bacterial infection or viral infection. A child who has frequent attacks of tonsillitis usually tapers off after the age of 7 because he has developed resistance to the infectious agents that cause the disease to be large. Symptoms of tonsillitis Difficulty swallowing, fever; irritation caused by inflammation of the pharynx may cause the child to vomit. The lymph nodes in the neck or under the jaw may be enlarged and painful to touch. If the tongue is pressed with a cotton swab or the handle of a teaspoon and the throat is illuminated by light or a flashlight, you will see a convex and uneven tonsil on each side of the pharynx. If the tonsils are enlarged to the point that they obscure the opening of the throat; or if there are white pus spots on the tonsils; or if you have been suffering from a sore throat, fever, or lack of food and drink for more than 24 hours, you should seek prompt medical attention. Tonsillitis care The sick child should stay home, but not necessarily in bed, and the room should be kept warm and not overheated. Drinking plenty of water usually relieves symptoms. Older children should drink at least 500 ml of water daily. It is harmless to give children frozen sweets such as ice cream as appropriate to keep their throat cool. If tonsillitis is suspected to be caused by streptococcal infection, the doctor will give antibiotics. Although the symptoms of tonsillitis will disappear within a few days, it is important to treat them thoroughly to prevent complications from arising. When can tonsils be removed? The question of when tonsils can be removed is a controversial one. This is because the tonsils have more lymphocytes and have immune functions. Surgical removal can be considered in the following cases: 1. recurrent attacks of chronic tonsillitis 2. history of peri-tonsillar abscess 3. excessive tonsillar hypertrophy, which hinders swallowing, whistling and nutrient absorption 4. rheumatic fever, nephritis, arthritis, rheumatic heart disease, where tonsils are suspected to be the foci 5. diphtheria with bacteria, where conservative treatment is ineffective 6. unexplained long-term low fever, and inflammation of tonsils 7, Various benign tonsillar tumors Contraindications to surgery 1.After the age of 5 years 2.In case of acute tonsillitis, surgery is generally inappropriate. Surgery is not recommended until 2-4 weeks after the inflammation has subsided. 3. Surgery is not recommended when systemic symptoms such as rheumatic fever and nephritis are not controlled. 4. Surgery is not recommended during the period of cremasteropathies and influenza.