Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the female cervix, and is one of the most common malignant tumors, with the second highest incidence among female tumors. There are 500,000 new cases and about 200,000 women die from this disease worldwide every year. Globally, the high incidence of cervical cancer is mainly in developing countries, and the distribution of cervical cancer in China is mainly in the central and western regions, with a general trend of higher incidence in rural areas than in cities, and higher incidence in mountainous areas than in plains; Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi and other provinces are the high incidence areas of cervical cancer in China. The high incidence age of cervical cancer is mostly after 35 years old, and the peak age is 45-59 years old, but the incidence has shown a younger trend in the past 10 years, and the proportion of cervical cancer before 35 years old has increased significantly. What are the causes of cervical cancer? A lot of research has been done on this issue, and it was first thought that the occurrence of cervical cancer was related to early and frequent sexual intercourse, and in the 1970s, research tended to link it to herpes virus infection of the reproductive tract. But it was 2008 Nobel Laureate in Medicine Harald Trull who really discovered the problem. Trul. HPV is a DNA virus like hepatitis B. There are more than 200 types of HPV, artificially divided into high-risk and low-risk types, with low-risk types being associated with The low-risk types are related to genitourinary warts, while the high-risk types include 13 types such as 16 and 18, which are closely related to the development of cervical cancer. Medical research has shown that many factors can affect HPV infection. HPV is mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse, but also through intimate contact between mother and baby, and mother-to-child transmission of the virus can occur. In a very small number of cases, the infection may also occur through contact with household products with HPV. Research has clearly shown that high-risk HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer development, and in 1991, after the joint efforts of Chinese scientists Jian and Zhou and Australian scientist Ian? After decades of clinical research and development, the HPV vaccine was launched in the United States in 2006, bringing good news to many women around the world. Subsequently, the vaccine has been approved for use in more than 100 countries worldwide. The cervical cancer vaccine includes both a preventive vaccine and a therapeutic vaccine. The HPV vaccine is the first cancer vaccine in human history, making cervical cancer the first malignancy to be prevented and eliminated through vaccination, screening and early diagnosis and treatment. There are currently two HPV vaccines available worldwide: quadrivalent Gardasil, developed by Merck, and bivalent Cervarix, developed by GlaxoSmithKline GSK. A total of three intramuscular injections are required over a six-month period. Both Gardasil and Cervarix have been found to be effective in preventing HPV infection only before it occurs, so it is recommended that vaccination be given before sexual activity begins. The FDA approved Gardasil for women aged 9-26 years and Cervarix for women aged 10-25 years. HPV vaccines appropriate for China are being developed, and clinical trials of Gardasil and Cervarix in China are nearing completion, and these vaccines will soon be available in China. The introduction of the HPV vaccine has brought a new era in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, building the first line of defense against cervical cancer. Many developed countries have effectively explored new ideas for comprehensive cervical cancer prevention and treatment based on strengthening traditional screening measures in combination with vaccination.