Shunt surgery is a common treatment method for hydrocephalus occurring after conservative treatment of traumatic brain injury/ or after surgery. Due to the primary traumatic brain injury, cerebral hemorrhage resulting in residual iron-containing hemoglobin in the cerebrospinal fluid after hemoglobin metabolism, and possible concurrent wound infection, the content of cerebrospinal fluid protein is relatively high, so the incidence of shunt blockage after surgery is relatively high. However, infection remains the most serious complication of shunt surgery, with a mortality rate of 30% to 40% once ventriculitis occurs. Even if the infection is controlled, many adverse outcomes such as seizures, cognitive impairment and psychomotor disorders may remain later. The incidence of shunt infection in the surgical group was below 1.5%. The next complication is shunt occlusion, and only lastly is bleeding from the intracerebral puncture tract. Since hydrocephalus in patients leads to impaired consciousness, reduced voluntary activity, and severely diminished reflexes such as coughing, it leads to a vicious cycle in which patients are prone to co-infection of the lungs. Therefore, even if the skin of the head is infected, if it is judged that there is no meningitis or meningoencephalitis, patients are still advised to choose shunt surgery after proper skin wound treatment and strict disinfection, which is more beneficial than taking avoidance surgery for fear of aggravating pulmonary infection.