Radiofrequency treatment for liver cancer in China has a history of more than ten years, and its indications, specific operation techniques and efficacy have been generally recognized by the same industry and incorporated into the diagnosis and treatment specification for liver cancer formulated by the Chinese Medical Association. Radiofrequency (RF) Radiofrequency (ridiofrequendcy ablation, RF) is a new technology applied to liver cancer treatment in recent years. It is used to treat tumors by introducing electrode needles into tumor tissues through imaging methods and causing necrosis of tissues around electrodes through ionic shock and heat generated by RF. It has become an important tool in the adjuvant treatment of liver cancer because of its accurate positioning, small trauma, complete destruction, light pain and fast recovery. The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of PLA No. 302 Hospital has carried out this technology in 2000 and treated more than 1000 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma so far, which has accumulated rich treatment experience and obtained satisfactory treatment effect. Cancer cells are less heat-resistant than normal tissue cells. Local heating to 39-40℃ can stop the division of cancer cells, and 41-42℃ can cause the destruction of DNA and even cell death of cancer cells. The high frequency RF wave (460kHz) can excite tissue cells to carry out plasma oscillation, and the ions hitting each other can generate local heat of 80-100℃, which can kill tumor cells rapidly and effectively. When the temperature is not enough to cause necrosis, it can cause another form of cell death-mediated death. RF treatment can also cause coagulation and necrosis of tumor surrounding tissues to form a reaction zone, which can block tumor blood supply and prevent tumor metastasis. The wavelength of RF is short, the penetrating power is not strong, the temperature of the tissue decreases rapidly with the increase of the distance from the electrode, and the whole treatment process of RF is controlled by computer and carried out under the monitoring of TV screen (B ultrasound, CT, MRI), the damage to the normal tissues around the cancer is small, and the normal liver tissues are preserved to the maximum extent, which is especially suitable for cases of advanced cirrhosis combined with liver cancer and cannot tolerate surgery. When RF treatment is performed, general anesthesia and open instruments are routinely prepared for emergency use. The puncture site is determined by ultrasound, marked by 1% gentian violet, sterilized, sterile towel and 1% lidocaine local anesthesia, and one or two to three puncture needles are inserted under ultrasound guidance depending on the size of the tumor. The radiofrequency energy is pre-set and the computer monitors the energy output, tissue impedance and treatment time. For tumors less than 5 cm in diameter, one or two sessions can be completed. For tumors larger than 5 cm in diameter, multiple punctures at different levels and in different directions as appropriate. (1) The general condition of the patient, such as weakness, poor performance, pain and discomfort in the liver area, is improved. (2) AFP test result is normal. (3) Ultrasound examination of the lesion was recently hyperechoic, without obvious blood flow signal and the hyperechoic lesion after treatment was larger than before treatment. (4) The four criteria, such as low-density lesion on flat scan, no enhancement of the lesion after enhancement scan and low-density and non-enhanced lesion after treatment, are the criteria for determining good treatment effect, which are classified as good effect, partially effective and ineffective in order, and then reviewed every two months. V. Treatment effect The treatment effect of small liver cancer can be comparable to surgery. For some special sites, such as tumors near large blood vessels, bile ducts, gallbladder and intestinal ducts, etc., open RF has unique advantages, mainly in accurate positioning, safe operation and reliable therapeutic effect. Complications The two most serious complications of RF and other minimally invasive treatments by percutaneous puncture are: haemorrhage at the puncture site and abdominal organ damage. Both of these require prompt open exploration to stop the bleeding or repair the damage. Other minor complications such as skin burns, local pain, pleural effusion, postoperative fever, etc. can be improved with symptomatic treatment. Seven, pain relief measures Initial surgical cases only with 1% lidocaine local anesthesia, most patients can tolerate, but more painful, and sometimes affect the treatment. In the later stage, we summarized our experience and routinely injected 50mg of dulcolax and 25mg of fenagin before surgery, and gave sufficient oxygen and cardiac monitoring during surgery, and slowly and continuously administered isoproterenol when necessary. When nausea, vomiting, hypertension, hypotension, and arrhythmia occurred, symptomatic treatment was strengthened, and the patient’s pain and discomfort were significantly reduced, which ensured the smooth operation. Postoperative pain is usually tolerated and pain relief is not provided to avoid masking the condition and delaying treatment.