The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma is a complex process, which is related to many factors. According to epidemiological surveys, common factors that may induce liver cancer include: chronic viral hepatitis (mainly including hepatitis B and C), cirrhosis, long-term alcohol abuse, chemical toxicants (such as aflatoxin, nitrosamines, etc.). In China, the most common causative factor is chronic hepatitis B and its resulting post-hepatitis cirrhosis. In addition, in some regions of China, consumption of moldy food containing aflatoxin and contamination of water sources are also responsible for the high incidence of liver cancer. In Europe, it is mainly alcoholic cirrhosis caused by long-term alcohol abuse. In daily life, patients with hepatitis B are not the only ones who have the possibility of having liver cancer. Long-term alcohol abuse, consumption of moldy food, contaminated drinking water, and exposure to chemical toxins may all induce liver cancer. So, how to prevent liver cancer from occurring? 1.Reduce the transmission of hepatitis B – transmitted by blood (such as unsafe injection), mother-to-child and sexual contact, especially from mother-to-child transmission of neonatal virus infection, the chronic carrier rate is as high as 71%-90%. In China, 40% to 50% of chronic carriers of hepatitis B are transmitted through mother-to-child transmission. Now, with the application of hepatitis B vaccine combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin, mother-to-child transmission has been greatly reduced. 2.For people with high risk of liver cancer (hepatitis B and C virus infection), they should take necessary antiviral and hepatoprotective treatment to prevent the progression of liver disease, maintain a good lifestyle (quit drinking, smoking, staying up late, etc.) and have regular checkups (ultrasound and AFP examination 3-4 times a year) for early detection of liver cancer. 3. The incidence of liver cancer in regions with high incidence of liver cancer can also be reduced by changing drinking water and changing dietary structure.