What is spontaneous pneumothorax? Spontaneous pneumothorax refers to the rupture of lung tissue and dirty pleura due to lung disease, or the rupture of a small pneumothorax bubble near the surface of the lung, and the escape of air from the lung and bronchus into the pleural cavity. The primary pneumothorax is usually caused by congenital lung tissue hypoplasia and the presence of small or large pulmonary blisters under the pleura after rupture, mostly seen in young and strong men with long and lean bodies; secondary pneumothorax is mostly caused by chronic bronchitis, emphysema and tuberculosis. This disease is one of the thoracic surgical emergencies, serious cases can be life-threatening, timely treatment can be cured. What about spontaneous pneumothorax? In fact, pneumothorax is a disease that comes and goes quickly. The effect of symptomatic treatment is immediate, so don’t worry too much. The possibility of recurrence is generally unlikely. However, it is best to seek early medical treatment once the disease occurs, otherwise it is also life-threatening. The conservative treatment can take the form of thoracentesis or closed drainage of the chest cavity, while the surgery has two ways of open-chest direct vision and thoracoscopic surgery. The thoracic surgery department of Tongling People’s Hospital has been applying thoracoscopic (VATS) surgery to cure more than 500 cases of pneumothorax since the 1990s, with good results and a recurrence rate of <1%. In recent years, Dr. Wang Fangqing usually makes 2~3 small incisions of 1~2cm in the chest wall, with beautiful incisions, little pain and fast postoperative recovery, and many patients can be discharged within 3 days after surgery, which is positively praised by patients. Do I need surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax? The indications for primary pneumothorax surgery are always changing in recent years, and the following are generally accepted at home and abroad: 1.The first occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax after repeated thoracentesis, the lung still does not reopen; 2.Spontaneous pneumothorax combined with a moderate amount of hemothorax or more; 3.Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax; 4.Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax; 5.The closed chest drainage has been done for more than 2-3d continuous air leakage or 6.Spontaneous tension pneumothorax; 7.Spontaneous pneumothorax with huge alveoli; 8.Chronic pneumothorax without long-term reopening; 9.Bronchopleural fistula with pleural thickening; 10.Menstrual concomitant pneumothorax and other special types of pneumothorax. It can be seen that with the continuous maturation of surgical treatment technology, the indications tend to be relaxed, from the former closed chest drainage 7-10d still have air leakage as an indication for surgery, has been gradually shortened to 48-72h continuous air leakage is an indication for surgery.