There are many types of thyroid diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, etc. They usually need to be treated after a clear diagnosis under the guidance of a physician, and the treatment includes oral medication and surgery. Ointments do not have a therapeutic effect on thyroid disorders. Hyperthyroidism is mainly caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones. Clinical treatments include general treatments such as rest and elimination of tension, drug treatments such as anti-thyroid medications like methimazole and propylthiouracil, and radiation therapy with iodine 131 as well as surgical treatments. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has no cause-specific treatment. Clinical treatment mainly focuses on the symptoms of hypothyroidism and goiter compression. Clinical hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine replacement therapy, and surgery may be considered for those with significant compression symptoms that are not relieved by medication. Thyroid diseases should be clearly diagnosed under the guidance of a professional doctor and then choose the appropriate treatment to avoid delaying the condition.