(2) Intracavitary irradiation Intracavitary treatment includes intracavitary irradiation of vaginal vessels (vaginal pillar vessel, vaginal box vessel, oval sphere vessel), needle vessel for intertissue insertion and tube vessel for intrauterine treatment. Currently, they all use the post-loading technique, which means that the treatment container is placed first, and then the radiation source (often iridium-192) is placed through automatic computer control, which controls the movement and timing of the source to achieve the required dose and dose distribution for the treatment. Radiation therapy emphasizes the principle of individualization, and the total dose, dose distribution, and irradiation mode are different for different patients, which requires high requirements from the treating physicians, and is not as simple as surgical operation of the tube. This is the reason for the significant difference in treatment effect and complications. It is recommended that patients go to an experienced hospital and seek treatment from an experienced physician. Again, we emphasize the importance of vaginal douching during and after radiation therapy to avoid vaginal and cervical adhesions that can lead to fluid accumulation in the uterine cavity. Also pay attention to a light diet, do not eat spicy and stimulating food, and pay attention to avoid or reduce radioactive proctitis and radioactive cystitis. 3) Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy It is mainly used for the adjuvant treatment of postoperative high-risk patients, and the treatment guidelines are as previously described. Generally, external irradiation with DT40~45Gy is used; for those with inadequate vaginal resection, intravaginal irradiation (intracavitary rear loading) may also be given. Extracorporeal conformal intensity-modulated radiotherapy is also available for patients with good economic conditions, but it is costly and currently requires self-payment. Simultaneous radiotherapy and chemotherapy are often used. (4) Radiation therapy for relapsed patients Radiation therapy for relapsed patients is related to the initial treatment modality. Radiotherapy is preferred for relapsed patients after surgery, and for patients who relapse after radiotherapy, due to the limited lifetime tolerated dose of normal tissues, the dose of radiotherapy cannot be given adequately again, which affects the treatment effect and can produce serious complications. Conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy can be chosen, which can increase the irradiation dose, reduce the amount of surrounding normal tissue tolerated, and reduce the chance of complications. It has good effect on recurrent lesions in the original irradiated field. Radiotherapy is usually administered simultaneously. The treatment of recurrent patients is more difficult and requires high technical level of the treating physicians. (8) Chemotherapy for cervical cancer (1) Pre-operative neoadjuvant chemotherapy is mainly used for stage IB patients with large local tumor of cervical cancer, and pre-operative chemotherapy shrinks the tumor to create conditions for surgery. The commonly used programs are PIB, PVB and other programs. According to the author’s experience, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel combined with platinum-based chemotherapy has better effect than the first two. (2) Simultaneous radiotherapy According to the research, the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy is better than that of chemotherapy alone, and radiotherapy is the standard treatment plan for middle and late stage cervical cancer. The commonly used chemotherapy regimen is 5-Fu combined with cisplatin. Recent domestic and foreign studies have found that the effect of paclitaxel combined with platinum for simultaneous radiotherapy is good, especially for high-risk patients such as hypofractionated and adenocarcinoma, which is worth looking forward to. Since it is simultaneous radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it requires high physical and physiological condition of patients, so we must pay attention to strengthen nutrition and strive to finish the treatment on time and as planned. (3) Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy Often performed simultaneously with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy, postoperative chemotherapy is meaningful for patients with risk of systemic metastasis such as postoperative pathology with hypofractionation and vascular tumor embolism. Commonly used regimens include paclitaxel combined with platinum, PIB, PVB, etc. (4) Chemotherapy for patients with advanced or recurrent disease Combination chemotherapy is superior to single agent chemotherapy. In combination chemotherapy, PIB, PVB, and Jianze combined with platinum were commonly used in the past, but the treatment effect was not satisfactory and there was no significant improvement in the overall survival time of patients. Now the hot spot of research at home and abroad is the chemotherapy of paclitaxel combined with platinum, which is superior to the aforementioned treatment from the results reported so far and the author’s experience, but further observational studies are needed, but it is worth looking forward to. 9.Biotargeted therapy is mainly used for the treatment of recurrent cervical cancer, and is generally combined with chemotherapy. From the current foreign reports, the effect is not optimistic, and there are not many domestic reports, and the effect is not satisfactory from the experience of our hospital. This kind of treatment is expensive, so patients should choose carefully according to their financial conditions. Treatment of recurrent cervical cancer The treatment effect of recurrent patients is poor, and palliative comprehensive treatment is mostly adopted. The ultimate goal of treatment is to reduce patients’ pain, improve life quality and prolong survival time. The commonly used treatment methods are listed above. For special patients, single recurrent lesion resection, intraoperative radiation therapy, pelvic organ removal and other special treatment methods can be chosen under strict control of treatment guidelines. In general, paclitaxel combined with chemotherapy and biologic targeted therapy is the current research hotspot and focus for the treatment of recurrent patients. Prognosis of cervical cancer The prognosis of cervical cancer is related to clinical stage, pathological type of tumor, presence of lymph node metastasis and other factors. To obtain the ideal treatment effect, it is closely related to the appropriate standardized treatment, especially to strictly control the surgical guidelines, and the treatment effect of reluctant surgery for patients who are not suitable for surgery is definitely worse than that of radiotherapy. Cervical cancer is not suitable for “lumpectomy”! It is undesirable for some hospitals and individual doctors to over-emphasize surgery for various purposes, and patients are advised to be cautious. Appropriate treatment is the prerequisite to obtain the ideal treatment effect.