The incidence of thyroid nodules has been on the rise in recent years, and modern medical treatment is mainly through surgery, but there are certain risks and a high recurrence rate after surgery, traditional Chinese medicine has achieved positive therapeutic effects in the treatment of thyroid nodules through evidence-based treatment and pharmacological methods, which is recognized by the majority of patients. The article outlines the current situation and the origin of the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules in Chinese medicine, summarizes and analyzes the main methods of treatment of thyroid nodules in Chinese medicine in recent years, and reviews the classification according to different types of evidence.