What is hypospadias? An ectopic opening of the urethra on the ventral side of the urethra is called hypospadias. It is a relatively common congenital developmental abnormality of the genitourinary system. Hypospadias in men is considered to be a sign of feminization. In severe cases, it can cause infertility. Hypospadias can be divided into the following four types depending on the location of the urethral orifice: (1) penile head and coronal groove type; (2) penile body type; (3) penile scrotum type; and (4) perineum type. Since the degree of penile hypospadias is not proportional to the position of the urethral opening, some anterior hypospadias are combined with severe penile hypospadias. To facilitate the estimation of the surgical results, Barcat’s method of staging the urethral orifice by the location of the receding urethral orifice after correction of penile hypospadias is accepted by many, and this staging includes ① anterior type, where the corrected urethral orifice is located at the head of the penis or the coronal sulcus; ② middle type, where the corrected urethral orifice is located at the body of the penis; ③ posterior type: where the corrected urethral orifice is located at the penile scrotal junction or perineum. How to treat patients with infertility of hypospadias? The first thing you need to do is to do a specific gynecological examination of the infertile woman who is undergoing artificial insemination to check whether the internal and external genitalia are normal, whether the endometrial biopsy glands secrete well, whether the bilateral fallopian tubes are open, etc. If these are normal, then you are qualified to receive artificial insemination. Then it is necessary to estimate the ovulation date in order to choose the best time for insemination. Common methods of estimating the ovulation date include measuring basal body temperature, cervical mucus (usually appearing 4-5 days before ovulation), or continuous measurement of peak urinary luteinizing hormone close to the ovulation date, or continuous vaginal ultrasonography. Before the woman estimates ovulation, the husband removes semen by masturbation and needs to have the semen tested. If the result shows normal semen density and mobility, after its liquefaction, the semen is injected into the vagina, around the cervix and into the cervical canal with a syringe or catheter. The female partner rests in bed for 2-3 hours to keep the semen from being excreted. Each woman can be inseminated 3 times in one menstrual cycle, i.e. starting 3 days before the ovulation date, and if counted by hours, i.e. once 72 hours before, 24 hours before and 24 hours after ovulation, and if conception is not achieved in one menstrual cycle, several cycles can be done consecutively. If necessary, drugs can be used to induce ovulation and adjust the ovulation period in order to improve the conception rate. The success or failure of IUI is generally determined by 12 cycles.