Primary liver cancer (liver cancer) is one of the common malignant tumors in China, and its mortality rate accounts for the third highest cancer mortality rate. The majority of liver cancer patients in China occur on the basis of viral hepatitis background, of which about 90% have hepatitis B virus infection and about 10%-30% have evidence of hepatitis C virus infection; 85%-90% have cirrhosis, most of which are post-hepatitis B and/or C cirrhosis. Thus, primary liver cancer is closely related to liver cirrhosis, which is often accompanied by portal hypertension, and data show that about 90% of the causes of portal hypertension are related to liver diseases such as cirrhosis, and portal hypertension is often accompanied by esophagogastric varices, and bleeding from ruptured varices in the upper gastrointestinal tract is one of the four major causes of death in patients with liver cancer, and even the main cause of death in patients with liver cancer in the decompensated stage of cirrhosis. It is even the main cause of death in patients with cirrhotic decompensated liver cancer. It has been reported that 15%-28% of liver cancer patients die from ruptured esophagogastric fundic vein bleeding, and sometimes the risk of death directly caused by gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension is much greater and more aggressive than that of liver cancer. Therefore, the combination of portal hypertension with hepatocellular carcinoma is very common, which makes the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma more complicated. It is not only necessary to determine the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma early, but also to correctly assess the degree of cirrhosis and the causes and severity of combined portal hypertension, so that appropriate and effective management can be carried out. The ability to effectively manage portal hypertension while treating liver cancer is directly related to the prognosis of liver cancer patients.