Pediatric hydrocephalus is a clinical syndrome that occurs in children with abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull, resulting in enlarged ventricles, abnormal head circumference and developmental disorders. There are many causes of pediatric hydrocephalus, including congenital developmental factors, tumor obstruction, and reabsorption disorders, and there are still some internationally unknown causes. When observing abnormalities such as indifference, reduced movement, vomiting, and frozen eyes, children should pay attention to hydrocephalus and seek medical attention. In addition, there are still cases in which people believe that a child’s large head is smart, and therefore delay treatment. If the hydrocephalus is not serious and there are no obvious symptoms, it can be temporarily observed. If the hydrocephalus is external, it will be determined according to the growth and development of the child, and if the hydrocephalus is clear and the symptoms are obvious, it needs to be operated as soon as possible. The shunt material we adopt is the imported shunt tube for pediatric use, and the surgery adopts single-incision minimally invasive ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which is effective, safe and reliable, and avoids long-term fluid compression and image brain neurodevelopment.