Ultrasound diagnostic techniques have become the cornerstone of clinical evaluation and management of thyroid nodules, but are less effective in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules. Although the sensitivity and accuracy of “ultrasound-localized fine needle aspiration histology” is over 90%, the invasive nature of the test, the difficulty of performing it in most tertiary care hospitals in China, and the false-negative rate of the test still put patients and physicians in a difficult position. In recent years, the development of ultrasound elastography has provided a new non-invasive diagnostic method for identifying benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The technique is designed to detect the difference in hardness between tissues to reflect the biological characteristics of the lesion itself, thus achieving the purpose of identifying benign and malignant.