Amblyopia is a common ophthalmologic disease in children, which seriously affects visual development and, if not treated in time, will eventually cause irreversible lifelong visual function damage. Therefore, early detection and treatment of amblyopia in children is the key to prevention and treatment. The development of amblyopia is associated with risk factors such as strabismus, refractive error, refractive error, visual deprivation and congenital dysplasia. Treatment: Correction of refractive error is the most basic and effective treatment for children with refractive amblyopia, and correction of refraction alone can lead to successful cure for some children. Some scholars reported that simple spectacle correction can improve the visual acuity of about 50% of untreated amblyopia children aged 3-7 years old. The period of visual acuity improvement in 2 months should be emphasized, and other treatments can be considered if the visual acuity does not improve further after 4 months. Refractive problems should be corrected accurately and adequately when combined with other treatments. For strabismic amblyopia and refractive amblyopia, masking is used to eliminate the inhibitory function of the dominant eye on the amblyopic eye, to increase the visual stimulation of the amblyopic eye, and to improve the visual function. The duration of masking depends on the age and the difference in visual acuity between the two eyes; the younger the age, the less the duration of continuous masking; the older the age, the longer the duration of continuous masking; the greater the difference in visual acuity between the two eyes, the longer the duration of continuous masking, and conversely, the shorter the duration of masking. Amblyopia treatment, posterior image therapy, red filtered light electrotherapy, Heidinger light brush therapy. The efficacy of instrumental therapy is also very remarkable. Red light flashes can stimulate the sensitivity of the central cone cells in the macula of the retina, and the rotation of the bar grids can stimulate the cells of the visual cortex to produce activity responses, enhance their activation, and eliminate inhibition. Light brushing enhances fixation in the macular recess, removing inhibition and re-establishing interconnections. Fine training, such as drawing, tracing, needle threading, paper cutting, etc., can effectively increase the therapeutic effect, shorten the treatment period and consolidate the therapeutic effect. Levodopa is is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It prolongs or rebuilds the sensitive period of the human visual system, lowers the functional threshold of optic nerve cells, thus increasing activity and reducing central inhibition of the amblyopic eye.