I. What causes kidney stones?
Stones are caused by an imbalance in the balance of colloid and crystal metabolism in the body, and are associated with infection, disorders of nutritional metabolism, urinary foreign bodies, urinary depression, and geographic and climatic factors. Men are more prone to this disorder than women. People over 30 years of age are more likely to develop this disease than younger people. It is relatively rare in children.
Kidney stones are not formed in the short term, there are stone-like substances produced in the body that need a long-term accumulation process.
1, Excessive accumulation of oxalic acid in the body is one of the factors leading to kidney and urine stones.
2.Purine metabolism malfunction. After purine enters the body, uric acid can prompt the precipitation of oxalate in the urine. Deposition and the formation of urinary stones.
3, excessive protein. Often excessive consumption of high protein food, the chances of kidney stones increased.
4, calcium metabolism malfunction, urinary calcium concentration is too high.
What are the manifestations of kidney stones?
The clinical manifestations of kidney stones vary greatly, depending on the etiology, composition, size, number, location, mobility, the presence of obstructive infection and the degree of pathological damage to the kidney parenchyma. In mild cases, there may be no symptoms at all, but in severe cases, anuria, renal failure, toxic shock and death may occur.
When the stone is embedded in the junction of the renal pelvis and ureter or descends in the ureter, renal colic may occur, which is a sudden onset of paroxysmal knife-like pain, the pain is severe and unbearable, the patient tosses and turns, the pain radiates downward from the waist or lateral abdomen to the bladder area, vulva and inner thighs, sometimes with profuse sweating, nausea and vomiting.
3. Due to the heavy damage to the mucosa caused by the stone, there is often hematuria. Pain and hematuria are often induced when the patient is more active. When the stone is complicated by infection, pus cells appear in the urine and there are symptoms of frequent and painful urination.
4. When secondary to acute pyelonephritis or pus accumulation in the kidney, there may be fever, chills, chills and other systemic symptoms. When bilateral upper urinary tract stones or kidney stones are completely obstructed, it can lead to anuria.
What diseases are kidney stones easily confused with?
1, renal tuberculosis and renal tumor: renal tuberculosis and renal tumor can have clinical symptoms such as pain and pressure in the kidney area and microscopic hematuria, which should be distinguished from kidney and ureteral stones, the former rarely have colic, ultrasound and X-ray examination can help to distinguish.
2, acute appendicitis: right lower abdominal pain in right ureteral calculus is easily confused with appendicitis and needs to be differentiated. In acute appendicitis, abdominal pain is as severe and persistent as stone, with localized pressure pain, rebound pain and muscle tension, fever and elevated white blood cell count, urine examination may not have red blood cells, ultrasound and X-ray examination may not have stone shadow. It can be differentiated from the former.
Gallstones: right kidney stones need to be distinguished from cholelithiasis. Gallstones are mainly pain in the right upper abdomen and radiating to the right shoulder and back.
4, acute pyelonephritis: acute pyelonephritis can have hematuria, should be distinguished from kidney and ureteral stones, but the former has fever and other toxic symptoms, ultrasound and X-ray examination can help to distinguish.
What kind of food can’t kidney stones eat?
Patients suffering from kidney stones have a lot of contraindications in their daily diet, if they do not know what foods they cannot eat, it will certainly lead to aggravation of the disease. Therefore, patients should know more about what foods you can’t eat for kidney stones, so that you can carry out effective prevention in daily life.
1, oxalic acid food: in ordinary life should try to eat less food containing oxalic acid, otherwise it will lead to increased burden on the kidneys also seriously affect the treatment of kidney stones and recovery. Especially for some patients with serious symptoms, foods containing oxalic acid should be avoided in order to effectively control the disease. There are many foods that are rich in oxalic acid, such as spinach, celery, wild rice, lettuce, etc. These foods are undoubtedly life-threatening for kidney stone patients, so patients must be careful in their daily lives to eat.
In addition to the patients in ordinary life, but also pay special attention to one point, that is, try not to eat beans, beets, celery, peppers, parsley and other food, this kind of food will also lead to the aggravation of the kidney stone condition.
2, fruit is a lot of people in ordinary life are very fond of eating food, often eat fruit can not only help us effectively replenish a lot of water, while the vitamins, inorganic salts, minerals and other nutrients contained in our body is also very beneficial. These nutrients can help us to effectively strengthen our resistance to disease, thus playing a role in preventing disease. However, patients suffering from kidney stones should be aware that not all fruits are suitable for consumption, for example, some fruits containing oxalic acid should not be eaten, such as grapes and dried figs.
In addition, some acidic fruits should not be eaten, such as apples, citrus, etc. For some patients with mild symptoms, these fruits can be eaten but must be consumed in moderation, otherwise it is also not conducive to the control and recovery of the disease.
There are many foods that patients with kidney stones need to avoid in their daily lives, in addition to the above-mentioned vegetables and fruits containing oxalic acid, there are also many aspects of beverages that are contraindicated. Patients suffering from kidney stones should eat less food with high calcium content, such as soy products, animal bones, etc., so as not to increase the burden on the kidneys, which is not conducive to the recovery of the disease. In addition, some drinks with high calcium content should also be consumed in moderation, such as milk, soy milk, etc. These drinks not only contain high calcium content but also a large amount of protein, which is not conducive to the health of patients.
In addition to this, patients should also pay attention to drink as little as possible in ordinary life, excessive alcohol consumption is likely to induce kidney stones. And drinking alcohol interferes with a series of metabolism in the body, interfering with the acidity of the internal environment to increase the chances of stone development. Therefore, alcohol is also one of the foods you can’t eat for kidney stones.
During the treatment of kidney stones, you should also pay attention to eat less meat, such as beef, mutton and other foods, which contain a lot of protein is also detrimental to the health of patients. In addition, you should also limit the intake of other meat, especially some animal offal to pay attention to eat less, so as not to lead to increased burden on the kidneys.
Five, kidney stones patients can drink tea?
Drinking a lot of water has a preventive effect on kidney stones. Drinking more water makes the urine diluted, so the concentration of calcium ions and oxalate will be reduced and no calcium oxalate stones will be formed. Nowadays, some kidney stone patients often think: since drinking more water can have a preventive effect on stones, then drinking tea will be as effective as drinking water. Such an idea is wrong.
Kidney stone patients are not allowed to drink tea. Because tea and water are different after all, tea contains substances that water does not have, which can have a certain effect on kidney stone patients. And recent studies have shown that tea should not be drunk cold, otherwise it will lead to kidney stones. This is because tea contains a lot of oxalate when it is cold, which can form small stones that block the ureter and increase the risk of developing kidney stones. About 80% of urethral stones are calcium oxalate crystals, stone patients should drink less tea, drink more water.
If there are patients who especially like to drink tea, when drinking tea, we should pay special attention to the amount of tea and the way to drink tea: 1.
1, tea contains a lot of oxalate when cool, will form small stones, and warm water to make tea leaching beneficial chemical composition is not as full as hot water. Therefore, it is best to use 70 ℃ -80 ℃ water to make tea, to be lowered to about 60 ℃ before drinking. Must not exceed 70 ℃, tea is too hot will cause strong stimulation of the throat, esophagus and stomach, causing mucosal lesions.
In addition, repeated brewing or brewing time is too long, tea in the tea polyphenols, vitamins, protein oxidation denaturation, harmful microorganisms will also increase.
2, some people are used to tea cooled after heating water to continue to drink, this process if you do not add tea, the content of oxalic acid in tea will not change, so you can not worry. But the midway heating water, it is not easy to dissolve the nutrients in the tea, but also not easy to steep the flavor.
3, do not drink tea on an empty stomach, otherwise there will be more oxalic acid absorption into the body, the chances of forming stones are higher.
4, should not drink too much tea every day. General healthy adults, a day of tea 6-10 grams, divided into 2-3 times brewing can be. The amount of physical labor, physical exertion, eating more fatty food, a large amount of alcohol and tobacco, especially in high-temperature environments, or exposure to more toxic substances, it is okay to drink a little more every day.
Six, how to prevent kidney stones in life?
Kidney stone is a kind of gastrointestinal disease, which makes patients suffer a lot. And its formation is mostly related to daily life diet, so prevention should also focus on diet.
A glass of lemon water a day keeps kidney stones away: A study found that citrate not only binds calcium in the urine, preventing calcium deposits from forming stones, but also prevents the formation of more stones. Citrate can be obtained in different ways, but is exceptionally abundant in lemons. For patients who are drug intolerant, drinking lemon juice is best. Another study suggests taking 120 ml of lemon juice daily and drinking it with water in a 2:1 ratio of lemon juice to water for good results. The lemon juice tastes better when diluted and the amount of urine is greatly increased.
In addition, drinking plenty of water has a preventive and curative effect on all components of urinary stones. It can promote the discharge of small stones, dilute urine can prevent the formation of urinary stone crystals, and slow down the growth of stones.