Whether varicocele causes male infertility is a highly controversial issue. However, most scholars believe that varicocele is one of the causes of male infertility, and WHO studies have shown that varicocele (VC) is associated with decreased semen quality, decreased testicular size, decreased function of supporting cells, and possibly with premature decrease in serum testosterone levels and sexual dysfunction. For clearly diagnosed VC, surgical treatment can be considered in the following cases: 1. infertile men with palpable VC on physical examination; 2. normal fertility of the partner or abnormal but curable; 3. semen analysis showing decreased semen quality or abnormal sperm function; surgical treatment is not recommended in the following cases: 1. surgery for VC is not recommended first for those with normal semen parameters; 2. for oligospermic patients with VC 2. In patients with oligospermia with VC, if the serum FSH is high, surgery can hardly restore their fertility, therefore, surgery is not necessary for such patients.