Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass, destruction of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture (WHO). In 2001, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) proposed that osteoporosis is a disease of the skeletal system characterized by decreased bone strength and increased risk of fracture, with bone strength reflecting two major aspects of bone, namely bone mineral density and bone mass. Osteoporosis is divided into two main categories: primary and secondary. Primary osteoporosis is subdivided into three types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (type I), senile osteoporosis (type II), and idiopathic osteoporosis (including adolescent type). The osteoporosis induced by some factors such as other diseases or drugs is called secondary osteoporosis. The most common clinical conditions are postmenopausal osteoporosis and senile osteoporosis. Two concepts need to be distinguished, osteoporosis is not the same as osteopenia, osteopenia is a disease process without any symptoms, when there is bone pain, fragility fracture is called osteoporosis. How to diagnose osteoporosis The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of dual-energy X-ray equipment (DXA) to measure the lumbar spine Ll-4, femoral neck and total hip bone density (this can even predict how high your risk of fracture, not the street with a probe to measure the kind, not standard, error is very large), with reference to the Caucasian young women peak bone mass reduction of 2.5 standard deviation (-2.5SD), as The standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. How much is known about the incidence of osteoporosis (a) The incidence of osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a common and frequent disease. About 30% of women aged 50 to 60 in China suffer from postmenopausal osteoporosis, and the prevalence rate of women over 60 is about 30% to 50%, while the prevalence of osteoporosis in elderly men is about 20% to 30%. (B) risk factors for the development of osteoporosis 1, inherent factors race (Caucasians and yellow people have a higher risk of osteoporosis than blacks), thin physique, old age, premature menopause in women (before the age of 40), family with age-related fractures. 2, non-inherent factors (1) lifestyle factors smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, large intake of coffee, tea, improper dieting to lose weight, too light or high protein diet, lack of physical activity (braking). Lack of physical activity (brake). (2) Nutritional factors Nutritional imbalance in the diet, excessive or insufficient protein intake, high sodium diet, low body weight, calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency (low light exposure or low intake). (3) Disease factors Hypogonadism, chronic gastrointestinal disorders, chronic liver and kidney insufficiency, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, ovarian, uterine, large gastric, small intestine resection, etc. (4) Drug factors Taking glucocorticoids, antiepileptic drugs, thyroid hormones and methotrexate and other drugs affecting bone metabolism. The incidence of osteoporosis in all patients treated with glucocorticoids for more than 6 months is about 50%. What are the risks of osteoporosis? The biggest risk of osteoporosis is fracture, which gradually increases with age or other factors. The most common are hip fractures, distal radius fractures and spinal compression fractures. Distal radius fractures often cause severe pain confined at the wrist joint and significant deformity of the wrist joint, resulting in severe impairment of joint function. Hip fractures often present clinically with severe disease, often with delayed healing or non-healing, and often with a poor prognosis due to osteoporosis. Compression fractures of the spinal vertebrae present with sudden onset of severe back pain, and the fracture mass sometimes compresses the nerve roots in the corresponding plane and causes limb paralysis and dysfunction, causing inconvenience to the patient’s life and family. In addition, osteoporosis can cause hunchback, shortening of the body and respiratory diseases. In short, osteoporosis will bring a lot of harm to the patients, which will bring some pain to the patients themselves and also bring financial burden to the families.