Diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial hemangioma

Hemangioma is a common benign tumor of the oral and maxillofacial region. Most of them are congenital and arise from the proliferation of vascular endothelium. Most of them occur in the facial skin, subcutaneous tissues and oral mucosa, such as tongue, lips and floor of mouth, and a few occur in the jaw bone or deep tissue. The traditional term hemangioma actually includes two major categories: hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Nowadays, vascular malformations have been separated from the classification of hemangioma, and hemangiomas and vascular malformations are two completely different lesions. They have completely different clinical manifestations, courses and regressions. Natural course: Infantile hemangiomas are generally self-limiting and can be divided into three phases: proliferative phase, regressive phase and late regressive phase. They often appear 1 to 2 weeks after birth, enter a rapid proliferative phase at 1 to 2 months after birth, stop growing at 9 to 12 months after birth, and enter a slow self-resolving phase in the following 1 to 5 years. According to the literature, by the age of 5 years, more than 50% of hemangiomas are completely regressed, and by the age of 9 years, 90% are completely regressed, with the longest regression lasting until the age of 12 years. Eventually, 20% to 40% of children have residual skin changes. Some patients with infantile hemangiomas develop rapidly, resulting in infection, ulceration, necrosis, respiratory occlusion and other symptoms, leading to secondary deformities, dysfunction and even life-threatening conditions. Treatment: Since most infantile hemangiomas can subside on their own, a dynamic observation approach can be taken first. Hemangiomas located in the tip of the nose, red lips and eyelids are prone to ulceration, which affects function and is difficult to subside, so early active treatment is advisable. There are many ways to treat hemangiomas, and individualized treatment plans should be adopted according to the scope, location, growth characteristics and other specific conditions of the lesion. We strive to obtain the best treatment effect with the least treatment cost.