(a) What is “school phobia”? Almost every child has had a fearful reaction at some point in their psychological development. Children of different ages have different objects of fear: 0-2 year olds are mainly afraid of loud sounds, separation from their caregivers, strangers and large objects; 3-6 year olds are afraid of the dark, lightning and thunder, animals and insects, sleeping alone, and imaginary matters; 7-16 year olds are afraid of more realistic events, such as injuries, illnesses, grades, death, natural disasters, and violence. As the child grows older, the fear gets better and does not affect the child’s social functions, such as learning and interaction, and can be alleviated with distraction. When a child shows emotions towards the object of fear that exceed the actual danger posed by that fear and affects the child’s social functioning even more, it is called a phobia, and phobias are an emotional disorder. There are different types of phobias: fear of animals, fear of natural events, fear of having damage to oneself, fear of social interaction, etc. School phobia is a specific type of fear that manifests itself mainly in the fear of going to school or avoiding school. ”The term “school phobia” is not a special medical term, nor is it exactly the same as the general school phobia, because in recent years there have been more students of this type, the society has developed such a common term. The main characteristic is the fear of the special event of the “school year”, which leads to anxiety, fear, maladjustment, interpersonal difficulties and other bad emotions and behavioral arousal of the child to adapt to school or kindergarten life; students with poor psychological quality and adaptability, students who are often criticized by teachers at school, students with poor academic performance, students who cannot adapt quickly to the new environment, and some of the outstanding students who pursue perfection too much are five types of students. Students who are prone to “school phobia”. Parents’ overprotection of their children and excessive tension about their children’s study are common factors of the fear of starting school. (2) Clinical manifestations and situations of “fear of going to school” When they go to school in the morning, they are emotionally distressed and have to ask their parents to meet certain conditions before they can reluctantly study, or they are brought to school by force. If they stay at home, they are usually willing to read and do their homework, and behave normally when they are confirmed not to attend school. Some children do not express emotional distress directly, but have predominantly somatic symptoms: headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cold sweats, diarrhea, urinary urgency, fever, etc. These symptoms are often present and evident at times when school is required and not when school is not; there are no positive findings on clinical examination. In severe cases, children may be in a state of stress and anxiety the night before or even throughout the day of school, affecting eating and sleeping. Children with difficulties going to kindergarten show signs of separation separation anxiety: crying, extra clinginess, tantrums, nightmares, inability to sleep alone, refusal to go to school or kindergarten without a parent or primary caregiver; there are emotions such as fear and worry that something bad will happen; there are also somatic symptoms such as headache, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath and panic. Situations in which children are afraid and refuse to go to school: 1. going to school for the first time, or entering a new school; 2. not going to school for a period of time because of illness or holidays; 3. having family problems: parental discord, illness of a family member, domestic violence; 4. bereavement or traumatic events such as exposure to abuse, violent attacks; 5. self-perceived academic failure or inability to fit in with the group, no friends; 6. some children in school related places have panic attacks and refuse to go to school to avoid them; 7. have unclear parent-child relationship boundaries, are overprotected by parents, or parents are anxious and overly worried about their children. (iii) How can children, parents and families cope? Most children are reluctant to start school and go to school before the school year begins, especially if the child suddenly changes from a relaxing holiday to a stressful study, it takes some time to adapt. Children should develop good living and learning habits, adjust their mindset and face the new environment positively, including accepting the new school, new teachers, new classmates and new lifestyle, and they should believe that they have the ability to do so. As a parent, first of all, you should understand your child, as much as possible to understand the reasons for your child’s fear of school, and analyze the reasons for the fear of aversion to school together with your child, and then carry out targeted guidance, more encouragement and support for your child, and at the same time help to help your child develop good habits, adjust work and rest before the start of the school year, so that your child enters the work and rest time in school in advance, and supervise your child to prep for the new semester’s homework, so that Second, check the completion of your child’s summer homework; third, parents should actively communicate with teachers and schools to get help from teachers and schools. Psychological interventions include: supportive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and family therapy. Supportive therapy: detailed understanding of the situation, understanding the favorable and unfavorable factors, parents, schools, and psychologists cooperate, care for the child, listen to worries, establish a good trust relationship, reduce stress, build confidence, and reduce the time away from the school and peer environment as much as possible; family therapy is one of the most effective ways to solve the child’s fear of school, parents are the basis and guarantee for the child to cope with school anxiety, parents’ behavior, Parents’ behavior, habits, and interests have a subtle influence on their children, so parents should overcome their own tension and anxiety and take care of their own mental health; parents should pay attention to finding positive aspects of their children, encourage and praise them more, and both parents should take care of their children’s spiritual growth together, and the evolution of the parent-child triangle is most beneficial to their children’s psychological development; parents should understand each other as a couple, put themselves in their shoes, and be good at identifying family problems and solving them in a timely manner. Parents should understand each other, put themselves in their place, and be good at identifying family problems and solving and dealing with them in a timely manner; family harmony and parental cooperation will definitely help the child to get out of fear and embrace a happy academic life. In serious cases, you can consider seeking medical attention and medication under the guidance of a doctor.