End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease. When renal failure reaches a certain level, renal replacement therapy is required. Currently, the main forms of renal replacement therapy are hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. The most common and widely used treatments are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. At present, there are about 1 million total patients with end-stage renal disease ERSD in China, which is a large number. The main treatment methods at present are hemodialysis (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis) and kidney transplantation, which can prolong the survival period and improve the quality of life of patients. As we all know, dialysis is a maintenance treatment aimed at correcting some physiological indicators of the patient. When receiving alternative treatments such as hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease, great attention should still be paid to the treatment of other complications, which is usually called integrated treatment. For your convenience, this health guide has been prepared. 1, diet control: In principle, adhere to a low-salt, low-fat, high-quality protein diet, as far as possible, do not eat high cholesterol (such as egg yolk, animal offal, etc.), especially foods containing trans fatty acids (margarine, such as cake pies, crispy cookies, baked goods, cream cakes, foreign fast food such as burgers, French fries, etc.). (1) Salt restriction: Since dialysis does not slow down atherosclerosis, patients with hypertension and atherosclerosis (large “pulse pressure difference”) should actively limit salt intake to 3 grams (half a beer bottle cap) per day, or for a short time (e.g. 2-3 days) if edema and hypertension are evident. For patients with chronic kidney disease, salt can at best satisfy the “mouth and throat”, but it can bring “heart and stomach”, remember “salt is more than enough”! In fact, the pain of salt restriction is temporary, the average person will gradually adapt to a low-salt diet after 2 weeks of low salt. (2) Water restriction: In fact, salt restriction and water restriction go hand in hand. If you eat a lot of salt, you will be thirsty and drink a lot, and if your kidneys cannot discharge it, it will increase the burden of fluid and increase the amount of water taken off dialysis. If the urine volume is relatively normal (urine volume greater than 1000 ml per day), there is no need for strict water restriction. (3) Calories, vitamins and proteins: Since dialysis will lose some nutrition, therefore, it is emphasized that dialysis patients should supplement sufficient calories (mainly carbohydrates such as starch and vegetable oil), vitamins (which can be supplemented by increasing fresh fruits and vegetables as appropriate), and protein intake requirements are slightly higher than normal to supplement the protein lost by dialysis, and 1.2 g/kg of body weight per day is appropriate (for a 60 kg person ), if the daily intake of more than half a pound of pasta, the required supplemental animal protein is about the same as 2 egg whites, 2 bags of fresh milk, 1 two fish or chicken), when conditions allow, consider supplementing alpha keto acid, while reducing protein intake. 2, adhere to the medication: (1) control blood pressure: take antihypertensive drugs as prescribed by the doctor, preferably long-acting antihypertensive drugs, mostly in combination, in order to control blood pressure in a relatively normal range as far as possible, to reduce the damage of hypertension to the heart, brain and other organs. (2) Correction of anemia: apply erythropoietin, supplemented with iron, folic acid and other hematopoietic materials as prescribed by the doctor, and control hemoglobin at the low limit of normal (120g/L for men and 110g/L for women), and pay attention to routine blood tests and reticulocytes. (3) Prevention and control of bone disease: regularly review blood calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone, and supplement calcium carbonate and osteopontin as prescribed by the doctor to prevent and control renal bone disease. (4) Control blood sugar: diabetic nephropathy has gradually become the main disease leading to end-stage renal disease. Blood sugar relies less on insulin in the stage of end-stage renal disease, you should monitor blood sugar regularly, adjust insulin dosage in time, and avoid hypoglycemic reaction as much as possible while controlling blood sugar level reasonably. 3.Cultivate good living habits: work and rest regularly, ensure sufficient sleep, be calm, pay attention to personal hygiene, change clothes in time when the temperature changes suddenly, prevent summer heat, keep warm in winter, and prevent colds as much as possible. 4, self-monitoring: self-monitoring of blood pressure, weight changes (it is recommended to monitor the daily morning fasting after defecation weight), urine volume, upper arm thickness, skin fat thickness, etc., if there is unstable blood pressure, sudden weight gain, rapid decrease in urine volume, progressive wasting, seek medical attention as soon as possible. 5, psychological adjustment: to clarify that chronic kidney disease is not yet a cure, especially end-stage renal disease, reasonable and standardized replacement therapy is a necessary therapeutic measure, will lead to a certain extent to changes in the social and family roles of patients. Any increase in psychological pressure, emotional disorder, mental disorders may aggravate the disease, so a good psychological state, optimistic and open-minded emotions and strong adaptability to social life can make the individual neuro-endocrine regulation relatively stable and coordinated, helping to control the disease and improve the quality of life. Therefore, you maintain a healthy state of mind, look at things optimistically, be calm, open-minded, do not be calculating over trivial matters, treat the disease with the attitude of “both, then peace”, and actively cooperate with the treatment, but do not blindly seek medical treatment, to believe that “can cure uremia The “false propaganda”, do not use drugs indiscriminately from hearsay. Especially at present, many quacks, charlatans, in order to cheat money, not hesitate to boast, to the detriment of others, advise all kidney disease patients must be careful with drugs, prohibit Chinese medicine prescriptions and unknown content of Chinese medicine preparations. Must bear in mind: scientific treatment, no shortcuts. 6, quit smoking and alcohol: the harm of smoking has been increasingly important, quit smoking and reduce passive smoking will help control the disease, away from tobacco, prolong life; although some data show that a small amount of alcohol has a protective effect on the vascular endothelium, but long-term heavy drinking is more serious, so we recommend that you quit drinking as much as possible. 7. Avoid all kinds of triggering factors: Infection, inadequate dialysis, severe hypertension, severe acidosis, cardiac insufficiency, sleep breathing disorder, etc. can aggravate or trigger recurrence of the disease, leading to deterioration of the disease within a short period of time, or even fatal complications of important organs such as the heart, lungs and brain, so daily maintenance and regular follow-up at professional clinics are especially important!