The summer heat is a high incidence of diarrhea, and babies are more prone to diarrhea than adults because of their weak resistance. According to statistics, the incidence of pediatric diarrhea is the second highest after respiratory diseases. Pediatric diarrhea seriously affects the health of babies and needs to be treated promptly. Since most babies with diarrhea can be treated at home, it is especially important for parents to know about the prevention and treatment of summer diarrhea.
First, summer pediatric diarrhea is determined by the physiological characteristics of children
1, because the pediatric gastrointestinal tract is not mature, less gastric acid, poor bactericidal ability, if too much summer eating drinks, diluted gastric acid, resulting in germs can easily break through the gastric acid barrier, into the intestinal tract and cause diarrhea;.
2, children’s gastrointestinal tract in a variety of digestive enzymes less, is not conducive to food digestion, easy to cause indigestion.
3, infants and young children grow rapidly and need adequate nutrition, the burden on the pediatric gastrointestinal tract is relatively heavy and prone to digestive disorders. In addition, the high temperature in summer makes it easy for bacteria to multiply, which is also one of the reasons for increased infection.
Second, the symptoms of pediatric diarrhea are light and heavy, and can be basically divided into 3 types
1, light diarrhea
The main manifestations are loss of appetite, occasional overflow or vomiting, yellow or green loose stools, 5-6 times a day (usually no more than 10 times). Light diarrhea does not have obvious systemic symptoms, the baby’s body temperature is normal or slightly high.
2, heavy diarrhea
Rapid onset, frequent diarrhea (more than 10 times a day), splashing outward when defecating, watery stools or egg-like stools, yellowish green, there will be more mucus, the skin around the anus is red or epidermis peeling. Severe diarrhea mostly has fever and obvious symptoms of dehydration, such as dry mouth, dry skin, weak pulse in severe cases, cold extremities, and little or no urine. Severe diarrhea should be promptly sent to the doctor.
3, prolonged diarrhea
Diarrhea is prolonged and untreated, which is mostly seen in the poor nutrition of non-breast-fed babies. The sick child has low digestive function, poor appetite, depression, wasting, low resistance, easy to secondary infections of the skin, urinary tract, respiratory tract and other parts.
Generally speaking, mothers and fathers can treat and care for their babies with light diarrhea at home by themselves. Due to the imperfection of the systems, diarrhea is particularly prevalent in babies under 2 years of age, especially in babies aged 6-11 months, and the protection against diarrhea is different for babies at different ages.
Three, 0-1 year old baby diarrhea protection principles
Generally speaking, babies born within 6 months of age will have three or four bowel movements per day; babies aged 6-12 months will have about two or three bowel movements per day, which is normal. In addition, babies may have different bowel movements due to genetics, personality, physical condition and different food content, but as long as they can maintain a fixed bowel habit every day and there are no special abnormalities, there is no need to worry too much. The baby’s digestive system is not yet mature and the nervous system is not well regulated. If the artificial feeding baby adds complementary foods too quickly, changes the type of diet or switches to milk and other sudden changes that exceed the digestive tract’s capacity, it will increase the burden on the digestive tract and cause digestive disorders that lead to diarrhea. It may also be caused by the change of climate or improper care.
1.Feeding should be regular and quantitative
The company’s main goal is to provide the best possible service to its customers. You can add some apple juice and carrot water to your baby to collect too much water in the intestine.
2.The process of switching to milk should be gradual, not quick and easy
Generally, it takes 2 weeks to switch to milk. The first switch should start with the middle number of meals per day, and then increase the number of meals every few days until the baby is completely switched to the new formula. Considering the different physical conditions of babies, the steps of breastfeeding can be adjusted according to each individual.
3. Pay attention to climate change, add and remove clothes in time, and pay attention to keeping the abdomen warm
Wash your baby’s perianal area with warm water after each stool, change diapers regularly, dispose of the stool in time and wash hands for disinfection to avoid repeated infections. At the same time, strengthen physical exercise to prevent colds, pneumonia, otitis media and other diseases.
4.Observation of stool
If the situation arises in the process of switching from breast milk to formula, you should pay attention to the stools of formula-fed babies, which are usually in the form of paste or soft stools with yellow or green color. Generally speaking, the situation of each baby’s stool is not quite the same, as long as the baby’s diet, life and living is normal, growth and development has been very good, parents do not have to worry too much about the number, shape and color of the baby’s bowel movements.
5, starchy or sugary food is not too much
Too much starchy or sugary food can increase the fermentation of food in the intestinal cavity, resulting in dark brown watery stools with foam. Parents can adjust the baby’s diet to reduce the intake of starchy or sugary foods.
The above situations are mostly manifestations of mild non-bacterial infectious diarrhea. Mothers should not worry too much, as long as the causes are found according to the actual situation of the baby, the diet is reasonably adjusted, proper care is given, and proper adjustment is made, the baby will naturally recover within 2-3 weeks.
Fourth, 1-2 years old baby diarrhea protection principles
Unlike 0-1 year olds, 1-2 year olds have a more diversified diet, and their exposure to people and activities has expanded. At this time, babies grow and develop particularly rapidly, so their bodies need more nutrition and calories. However, the digestive organs are not fully developed and secrete fewer digestive enzymes. Therefore, the digestive ability is weaker and diarrhea easily occurs.
1.Replenish fluids in time
When caring for a baby with diarrhea, special attention should be paid to replenishing fluids in a timely manner to prevent dehydration due to excessive water loss in the stool. You can always feed water, rice soup, juice, and preferably oral rehydration salts. Oral rehydration salt contains glucose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium citrate and other ingredients, which can replenish the electrolytes and body fluids lost due to diarrhea and vomiting, and regulate the body’s water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It can regulate the water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the body. The method of administration is to take a sachet of oral rehydration salt purchased from a pharmacy and mix it with liquid to the required concentration according to the instructions. The amount of dosage is based on the principle of “how much is lost, how much is replenished”. You can also give your baby some carrot juice. Fresh carrot 250 grams washed and chopped into a pot, add 3 grams of fine salt, the appropriate amount of water to boil and remove the dregs to get the juice, divided into 2-3 times a day to take, has a spleen to eliminate food to stop diarrhea effect.
2, timely adjustment of diet
The principle of dietary treatment for babies with diarrhea is: adjust the diet and continue to eat. babies over 1 year old should also pay attention not to eat indigestible and greasy food. You can feed some porridge, noodles, eggs, vegetables, etc.. However, process them finely and make them easy to digest. Avoid changing the variety of food or giving indigestible food when you have diarrhea.
3.Do a good job of disinfection and hygiene
To care for babies with infectious diarrhea, disinfection and isolation should be done, and food utensils, water cups and water bottles should be disinfected frequently. Clothes should be washed and dried regularly. The hands after caring for the baby should be washed repeatedly before doing anything else.
4.Protect your baby’s little buttocks
Since the number of bowel movements of your baby increases a lot, it will constantly contaminate the small buttocks. Moreover, the feces discharged during diarrhea is more irritating to the skin. Therefore, after each bowel movement, the mother should use warm water (try not to use soap or disinfectant) to wash the baby’s small butt, preferably with soft and clean cotton diapers, and should change them regularly to avoid red buttocks and urinary tract infections. If a small butt is red, it should be exposed to the air to dry naturally, and then apply some diaper rash cream.
5, abdominal warmth must not forget
The baby with diarrhea often has abdominal pain caused by intestinal spasms. Keeping the abdomen warm can relieve intestinal spasms and reduce pain. When your baby sleeps, you should cover the abdomen to prevent it from getting cold. Please pay attention to observe whether your baby has any specific diarrhea after eating certain food, if so, please consult a doctor to exclude food-borne or allergic diseases.
Five, 2-3 years old baby diarrhea protection principles
As the immune and digestive systems of 2-3 year olds are beginning to improve, their resistance to external germs is relatively stronger and their diarrhea is relatively better.
1, pay attention to dietary hygiene, do not eat indigestible and greasy food.
2, pay attention to climate change
Dressing should increase or decrease with the rise and fall of the temperature, avoid overheating, and avoid getting cold on the abdomen when sleeping.
3.Avoid the abuse of antibiotics
Avoid long-term abuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics to avoid dysbiosis of the intestinal flora (antibacterial drugs will kill the normal flora in the intestinal tract), leading to multiplication of drug-resistant bacteria causing enteritis and aggravating diarrhea.
4.Enhance physical fitness
Usually should strengthen exercise, improve the body resistance, which is the fundamental prevention of various diseases.
Infant diarrhea condition changes quickly, the baby’s tolerance is poor, should be treated with caution. During the care process, attention should be paid to observing and recording the changes in the number, nature, color and amount of stools to provide a basis for the doctor to develop a treatment plan; attention should also be paid to observing the condition. If the baby’s condition does not improve during the treatment and care at home, and there are symptoms of dehydration such as frequent watery stools, obvious thirst, sunken eyes, significantly reduced urine volume and other symptoms, the baby should be taken to the hospital for further treatment.