Facial pigmentation can be divided into the following categories: 1. Riehl’s melanosis: It is more common in women, who have used derivatives of coal tar (such as certain ingredients in cosmetics) and have a history of sun exposure, and the lesions appear as brown or blue-gray spots on the face, especially on the frontal and temporal areas. 2.Zygomatic brownish-cyanotic nevus: Mostly seen in females, usually with onset after 10 years old, and may have positive family history. It is mainly scattered 1-3mm size pigment spots on the cheek, gray-blue, gray-brown or dark brown, symmetrical on both sides. 3, senile nigra: also known as solar nigra, often occurs in the late middle-aged to elderly population of people with long years of intense sun exposure. The rash manifests as small round, oval or irregular small brown or brown spots with smooth surface. 4.Chloasma: also known as liver spot, is a kind of facial melanosis. It is commonly caused by pregnancy, oral contraceptives or other unknown reasons, with a chronic course and no conscious symptoms. It appears as light brown or light black spots with irregular shape, mostly found on forehead, eyebrows, cheekbones, nose and upper lip, usually symmetrically distributed. 5.Age spots: medically known as age warts, seborrheic keratosis, female patients are mostly menopausal women. The lesions are generally light brown or black patches with clear boundaries slightly above the skin. The early damage is smooth, but later the damage gradually increases in size and becomes papilloma-like, with a dry, rough surface that can form a thick, greasy crust. It can be single, usually multiple, with a slow course and no conscious symptoms. How do “age spots” occur? Seborrheic keratosis is a benign intraepidermal tumor caused by delayed maturation of keratinocytes, which is mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly people and is also called senile plaque. Previously, it was thought that this disease is a kind of late epithelial nevus, benign epithelial tumor, skin changes in the elderly or infectious lesions, but the exact etiology is unknown so far. The incidence increases with age, and the lesions also increase with age; 2. 4.Heredity: Some scholars believe that seborrheic keratosis has a familial tendency to develop and the mode of inheritance may be autosomal dominant; 5.Viral infection: Some studies have confirmed that human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is related to seborrheic keratosis in the genital area. How to prevent age spots? There is no clear and reliable way to prevent this disease, attention to sun protection may play a role. Clinical statistics show that the incidence of the disease is trending younger and that young people with the disease have frequent alcohol consumption and a high-fat diet. Moreover, a study investigated the current situation of seborrheic keratosis among the elderly in the community and found that the incidence rate of smokers was 2.32 times higher than that of non-smokers and 3.09 times higher than that of non-coronary heart disease patients. It is believed that quitting smoking, increasing exercise and preventing coronary heart disease are important measures to reduce the formation of seborrheic keratosis. How to treat age spots? Seborrheic keratoses are mostly found on exposed areas such as the head, neck and back of hands, affecting aesthetics. Vitamin A acid has the function of regulating the abnormal differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes, which can be applied to patients with widespread, patchy seborrheic keratosis. In addition, chemical erosion agents, such as Scleroderm, compound painless phenol solution can also be applied topically under the guidance of a doctor.