Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the 10 common malignant tumors in the world, and about 250,000 people die of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide every year. Since most HCC patients have underlying liver diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, the onset of HCC is insidious at the early stage, and it has already developed to the middle and late stage when it is clinically diagnosed. However, the overall resection rate of HCC is only 20-30%. The main reason for the poor efficacy of clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is the difficulty of diagnosis, so early detection and timely treatment are very important. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most valuable marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma and tracking recurrence after surgery, and is now widely used in clinical practice, but about 30% of HCC patients have negative AFP test results. Golgi protein 73 (GP73) is a newly discovered protein associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, which is another marker for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and tracking recurrence after surgery. The results of many studies have shown that GP73 is more sensitive than AFP in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and 63.2% and 67.6% of the patients with AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma were positive for GP73, indicating that GP73 and AFP have good complementary properties. The combined detection of AFP and GP73 can effectively avoid the possible missed detection of AFP-negative cases and provide better reference for clinical diagnosis.