We often encounter the question, what should we do if we have kidney stones? Not all kidney stones need to be treated. When the stones are small, it is possible to watch and wait and live peacefully with the stones. When the stones are large, the treatment used to be mainly open surgery (nephrectomy) or ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy). The former is very invasive and the latter often requires multiple ESWLs, which in principle have little impact on the kidney. However, it is now considered appropriate that the interval between secondary ESWL should be 10-14 days, and the number of ESWL treatments is recommended to be no more than 3-5 times. After the stone is shattered, it still needs to be excreted on its own, which often causes renal colic. There are two options available for minimally invasive treatment of kidney stones. One is MPCNL (minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy for lithotripsy), in which only a small hole of 5 mm in diameter is made in the lumbar region, from which a hole is made directly into the renal pelvis, and a lithotripsy tool such as laser or pneumatic ballistics is used to resolve the kidney stone and remove it through a ureteroscope. The other operation is a woundless procedure in which the stones are crushed and flushed out with a laser in the renal pelvis through the natural channels of the urinary system by means of a soft ureteroscopic technique. The former option is generally used for large stones and the latter option for small stones, with a specific demarcation of 2 cm in diameter. The advent of these two treatment modalities has indeed changed the previous traditional concept of treating kidney stones, bringing a boon to patients.