Cervical cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy, and when it progresses to an advanced stage, it can quickly take a person’s life. However, cervical cancer has a characteristic that other malignant cancers do not have: it is the only cancer for which the cause is currently known. Moreover, the journey of cervical cancer is long, from precancerous lesion to malignant invasive cervical cancer, there is at least 5-10 years of latent time. Therefore, with the right medical checkup, more than 90% of cervical cancer can be prevented and killed at the “precancerous” stage. However, some women still think that cervical cancer can be screened by uterine ultrasound and cervical smear, but in fact, these two types of physical examinations can cause missed diagnosis. The natural evolution from cervical precancer to cervical cancer generally takes 5-10 years. The majority of patients have no obvious symptoms during this stage, and most of them are already in advanced stage when symptoms appear. Once it becomes cancer, especially in the late stage, it develops extremely fast and also metastasizes to other parts of the body via lymph and blood vessels. In the precancerous stage, active treatment can basically achieve 100% cure rate, but once cervical cancer reaches advanced stage, the mortality rate is almost 100%. The treatment of cervical cancer has been very standardized. If the examination shows mild cervical precancerous lesions, it can be observed; moderate to severe precancerous lesions can be treated with LEEP surgery to remove the cells with cancerous tendency so as to prevent cervical cancer; severe precancerous lesions are in situ cancer, and in situ cancer is only one step away from cervical cancer. If cervical cancer has developed, extensive hysterectomy can be chosen in the early stage when the cancer cells have not metastasized to the pelvis to achieve good treatment effect, but in the late stage when the cancer cells have metastasized, the survival period can only be prolonged by means of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is worth reminding that there are no obvious symptoms in early stage of cervical cancer. Some patients may experience vaginal contact bleeding (bleeding after sex or gynecological examination) or increased vaginal discharge, which is white or bloody, thin like watery or rice soup-like, with fishy odor. Vaginal contact bleeding is a more typical manifestation of cervical lesions, which may be cervical cancer, but may also be diseases such as cervical polyps. If such symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical attention in a timely manner so that the physician can determine the cause. The most important means to detect lesions is still regular gynecological examination. To detect precancerous lesions, TCT+HPV is the most reliable. To screen for cervical cancer, liquid-based cytology (TCT) and HPV testing are advocated, both of which are performed by extracting secretions from the cervical canal. There are different opinions as to when to start screening, because any woman who has sex can get cervical cancer. In terms of the age of patients, it is recommended to start cervical cancer screening from the age of 25 until the age of 70, or from 3 years after having sexual intercourse. If economic conditions allow, after the age of 25, gynecological examination can be done with both HPV and TCT. The former can find out whether there is a causative cause, and the latter can indicate whether there are cell changes, i.e. precancerous lesions. If the family condition is average, HPV can also be done at least every three years, and after a positive test, TCT can be done; if both TCT and HPV are done, and both indicators are normal, the test can be done every five years until the age of 70. Cervical cancer is the only cancer for which the cause is currently known. Most patients are infected with HPV through the sexual route. But don’t worry, you don’t always get cervical cancer if you are infected with high-risk HPV. It can only be said that repeated and persistent infection is what leads to cervical cancer. However, many people who are infected with HPV virus never develop cervical cancer in their lifetime. This is because there are many types of HPV viruses, from high-risk oncogenic types to common types, plus the human body has certain ability to self-immune clearance of the virus. Therefore, even if the high-risk HPV test is positive, there is no need to be too nervous, you can check TCT again, if TCT does not find precancerous lesions, you can wait for six months to check high-risk HPV again, if you have good health and strong immunity, most of the HPV virus can be cleared in a year or so.