Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease. With the increasing life expectancy and the growing elderly population, osteoporosis, one of the degenerative diseases of the elderly, and the resulting compression fractures have become a serious social problem and are of great concern. Osteoporosis: mainly primary, mostly in postmenopausal elderly women, the clinical manifestations are mainly generalized bone pain, the characteristics of which cannot be specified where the pain is; osteoporosis causes compression fractures of the spine, which is the most common and serious complication of osteoporosis, and multi-segmental fractures can cause hunchback deformity. It is not difficult to diagnose osteoporosis by relying on the patient’s clinical presentation, bone mass measurement, X-ray performance and biochemical indexes. The treatment of osteoporosis is based on comprehensive treatment, and the principles of treatment are to reduce the rate of bone loss and restore the lost bone mass, relieve symptoms and prevent fractures. Surgery: Currently, percutaneous kyphoplasty (the latest minimally invasive surgery) is used internationally to treat vertebral compression fractures caused by osteoporosis in elderly patients. It is characterized by minimal surgical trauma, immediate postoperative symptom relief, effective reduction of complications caused by traditional treatment, strengthening of the spine and correction of kyphotic deformity, and restoration of daily activities. It is currently the most effective and ideal surgical procedure to address vertebral fractures caused by primary osteoporosis.