Primary thrombocythemia playing interferon, if the platelet index can be stabilized and controlled, can be long-term survival. 1. Primary thrombocythemia is a chronic oncologic disease, the main cause of death is severe bleeding and thrombosis of vital organs. Therefore it is important to control the complications. Recombinant α-interferon is an effective drug for the treatment of thrombocythemia, which can inhibit the clonal differentiation of megakaryocytes. Thrombocytosis patients can survive for a long time if they take interferon and undergo timely treatment and stabilize their condition. 2. If it is not controlled by drugs, it may be transformed to myelofibrosis or leukemia, and the survival period of patients will be shortened accordingly. Patients who transform into acute leukemia with high prognostic risk may only survive for 3 to 6 months. If patients are diagnosed with thrombocythemia, they should go to the hospital in time for regular and effective treatment under the guidance of a physician.