Many sugar lovers treat diabetes with pessimism, because diabetes is a lifelong chronic disease, there will be many terrible complications, blindness, uremia, amputation, heart stents, bypass …… reduce the quality of life, death and disability, and often combined with obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other metabolic syndrome, every time you go to the hospital, the doctor will ask How about your blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipids? How about glycated hemoglobin and urine microprotein? Did you check your eye fundus this year? And so on and so forth …… low salt and low fat diet, but also to take a lot of drugs, and to review a large number of indicators, but so far can not be completely cured, the future is bleak, when is the head it! In fact, in today’s medical conditions, mastering a certain amount of knowledge about diabetes, being an “understanding” patient, becoming an “expert” patient, actively controlling blood sugar and related risk factors, delaying the occurrence of complications, and even living a long life is It is universally recognized and unquestionable. The key is to see how we sugar lovers do this “master”? To become a “master” in sugar reduction, we need to practice many “internal skills”, such as diet control, exercise, medication, blood glucose monitoring and other aspects. Among them, “reading labs”, which is very close to us, is also a very important “kung fu”. The “experts” are very careful to monitor their own indicators, and often remind doctors “3 months have passed, is it time to check the glycated hemoglobin?” The “experts” are very careful to monitor their own indicators, and often remind doctors, “3 months have passed, is it time to check glycated hemoglobin? Unlike some sugar lovers who think, “It’s the doctor’s job to look at the test results, but I usually have good blood sugar and urine sugar, and I don’t feel anything. It is not enough to focus only on blood sugar and urine sugar, not only is it far from the “expert”, but you will also suffer a great loss in the end. So what are the diabetes-related laboratory indicators and data that a qualified sugar lover needs to know? How often do we need to check them? In fact, it is not difficult to master these! Blood pressure: It is the most important risk factor for atherosclerosis and renal insufficiency. You need to ask your doctor to measure it at every visit, and you should have a blood pressure monitor at home if you can. Electronic blood pressure monitor is easy to operate, simple, can also display the heart rate, the choice of arm type is good. When measuring, pay attention to the posture and position, and measure 2-3 times in a row, with an interval of 5 minutes each time, and take the average value. For diabetes combined with hypertension, the target of blood pressure control is below 130/80 mmHg, and the target of diabetic nephropathy is below 125/75 mmHg. Blood glucose (GLU): Of course, it is the most important immediate indicator for glucose lovers, measuring fasting blood glucose for more than 8-10 hours, and it cannot take medication and insulin injection, reflecting the residual function of pancreatic B cells, the ability to control blood glucose in the basal state at night and the rise of blood glucose in the early morning (dawn phenomenon), and the comprehensive results of the long-term efficacy of hypoglycemic drugs. Target value: 4.0-6.0mmol/L. The target value should be calculated 2 hours after meal with the first bite: 8.0mmol/L or less. However, it depends on age and condition. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): It reflects the average level of blood glucose in 2-3 months before blood collection, and is an important indicator for doctors to evaluate the effect of treatment and the risk of complications. It should be analyzed in conjunction with the usual blood glucose monitoring and should be rechecked every 2-3 months. Normal value: 4-6%. Control target: 6.5% or less. Urine routine: when normal, urine glucose, ketone bodies, protein, red blood cells and white blood cells are negative. If positive, kidney disease and urinary tract infection should be considered as causes. Urine microalbumin measurement: a sign of early kidney disease. Early nephropathy: 30-300mg/d Clinical nephropathy: >300mg/d. Usually review once in 3-6 months for early detection of diabetic nephropathy and early intervention. Biochemistry: Liver function (ALT, AST) normal value: 40u/L. Reflect liver function, use oral hypoglycemic drugs with caution when abnormal, switch to insulin therapy. Kidney function (creatinine CRE urea nitrogen BUN) if higher than normal indicates kidney function problems, especially once diabetes appears urine protein, we should monitor kidney function, actively control blood sugar blood pressure and other risk factors to prevent the occurrence of renal insufficiency. Elevated blood uric acid UA level (>416umol/L) indicates disorder of purine metabolism in the body, hyperuricemia and gout. Abnormal blood lipids (total cholesterol CHO triglycerides TG LDL cholesterol LDL-C HDL cholesterol HDL-C) indicate disorders of lipid metabolism in the body and the risk of cardiovascular disease. These biochemical items are recommended to be checked once every six months to once a year, and if there is any abnormality, it is necessary to review it after one week to one month of medication. Of course, even if you are a “master”, it is impossible for you to understand and analyze the labs as professionally, comprehensively and deeply as a specialist. The above are just some of the more routine tests that sugar lovers are exposed to. It is necessary to be able to read the labs to understand your condition and cooperate with your doctor, but you still cannot do without the guidance of a specialist, so that you can standardize your treatment and prevent complications.