Non-surgical treatment: For early or mild cases with slow development, the aim is to reduce the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid or to increase the body’s water discharge by: 1. Applying diuretics, such as acetazolamide, dihydroketorol, tachyphylaxis, mannitol, etc. 2. Repeated puncture and release of fluid through fontanel or lumbar spine. Surgical treatment: Surgical treatment is indicated for cases with high intracerebroventricular pressure (more than 250 mm water column) or failure of non-surgical treatment. Severe hydrocephalus, such as head circumference of more than 50 cm, cortical atrophy thickness of 1 cm or less, has been combined with serious dysfunction and deformity, but surgical treatment can also be performed but the surgical efficacy is not good. Surgical methods: 1. Surgery to relieve obstruction (etiological treatment): etiological treatment should be the preferred method for treating hydrocephalus. For obstructive hydrocephalus, removal of obstruction is the most ideal method. For example, interventricular foramen perforation, conduit reconstruction, fourth ventricular cyst fistula, intracerebroventricular tumor resection, third ventricular floor fistula, occipital foramen decompression, etc. 2.Reducing cerebrospinal fluid formation: such as using lateral ventricular choroid plexus resection or electrocautery. It is mainly used for traffic hydrocephalus, especially in patients who have failed shunt surgery or are not suitable for shunt. Currently, electrocautery is performed endoscopically, which can significantly reduce the occurrence of surgical complications. 3, cerebrospinal fluid shunts ventricular and cerebral pool shunts, such as: lateral ventricular and occipital pool shunts; ventricular body cavity shunts, such as: ventricular (or cerebral pool) ventral shunts; ventricular thoracic shunts; cerebrospinal fluid drainage outside the body, such as: lateral ventricular bulbar shunts; ventricular and ureteral shunts; cerebrospinal fluid introduction into the cardiovascular system, such as: ventricular atrial shunts; ventricular internal jugular vein shunts; lateral ventricular an atrial shunts; Lateral ventricular a ventral shunt. Postoperative complications 1, shunt system blockage: the most common, generally in the range of 50%-70%. 2. Infection: the incidence is 7%-10%, and in children it is more than 30%. Mainly for ventriculitis or peritonitis. 3. Excessive or insufficient shunt: excessive shunt syndrome is common in children. The patient presents with a typical postural headache, which is aggravated when upright and relieved when lying down. CT examination shows small ventricles. Chronic subdural hematoma or effusion Most often seen after normal pressure hydrocephalus surgery, mostly due to excessive drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and low intracranial pressure caused by the use of low-impedance shunts. Inadequate cerebrospinal fluid shunts The patient’s symptoms do not improve after surgery, and examination reveals that the enlarged ventricles are still present or not significantly changed. The main reason is that the valve pressure of the shunt used is inappropriate, resulting in poor drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. 4. Cleft ventricle syndrome: It usually refers to the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as headache, nausea, vomiting and ataxia, unresponsiveness and lethargy several years after shunt surgery. However, CT scans reveal a less-than-normal ventricular morphology, and the examination valve is usually pressed and then slowly reflows, suggesting obstruction at the ventricular end of the shunt. The pathogenesis is due to prolonged excessive drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. The most effective way to prevent these complications is to use an adjustable pressure shunt system for shunting. 5. Other complications: epilepsy, about 5%. Complications of ventricular telangiectasia. Such as optic nerve injury. Complications of the ventricular end tube. Including shunt displacement, fracture, organ perforation, intestinal obstruction, abdominal fluid accumulation, etc.