Elevated lumbar puncture leukocytes are not necessarily encephalitis. Elevated lumbar puncture leukocytes are not a sign of encephalitis alone, but other immune system problems that can also cause elevated leukocytes, so the diagnosis of encephalitis cannot rely solely on lumbar puncture results. Viral encephalitis, which also includes fever, headache, and even convulsions, and bacterial encephalitis may also present with several of these conditions. Routine lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid findings can be diagnosed as encephalitis if the leukocytes are elevated, especially lymphatic leukocytes, protein is elevated, and sugar and chloride are decreased, combined with clinical symptoms. Differential diagnosis should be made before treatment, and then targeted drugs can be selected. Types of encephalitis include septic meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, cryptococcal meningitis, autoimmune meningitis, etc.