Arterial embolism is a disease that originates from the heart, the proximal arterial wall, or other embolism with the arterial blood flow into the distal artery and blockage, causing ischemia of the affected organ or limb. 70% of such patients are often accompanied by heart disease, and atrial fibrillation, common diseases are wind heart disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, ventricular wall aneurysm, subacute endocarditis, atrial mucinous aneurysm; there are also from the arteries themselves, such as aneurysm, atherosclerosis, inflammation of the arterial wall or trauma, etc., may cause blood clots, bacterial thrombus, tumor thrombus and arteriosclerotic plaque dislodgement. There are also fractures, abdominal wall liposuction that can cause pulmonary artery fat embolism, and labor and delivery that can cause amniotic fluid embolism. Embolus blockage of blood vessels can be in various parts of the body, either in the limb arteries or in the intra-abdominal arteries, the incidence of embolism in the arteries of the lower limbs is higher than that of the upper limbs, the common femoral artery is most susceptible to the involvement of the common iliac artery followed by the common iliac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and the N artery, etc, and the brachial artery in the upper limbs is most susceptible to the involvement of the brachial artery followed by axillary arteries and subclavian arteries, and the blockage of the embolus can cause strong spasm of arterial vessels and secondary thrombosis to make the ischemia More serious, initially produce severe pain, long time ischemia can not be relieved, later due to nerve ischemia and necrosis eventually sensory and motor functions are lost, tissue destruction and dissolution of a large number of toxins, can cause myoglobinuria, azotemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, glomerular damage caused by acute renal insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmia, and shock and other complications, the serious cases not only can lead to necrosis and even the patient’s life. In severe cases, it can not only lead to tissue necrosis, but also jeopardize the patient’s life. Late “ischemia-reperfusion injury” further aggravates the above pathophysiological changes. The clinical manifestations of limb arterial embolism can be summarized as the “5P” signs according to the initial letters of the English alphabet. These are Pain, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Pallor, and Pulselessness. Acute arterial embolism is characterized by severe pain in the distal limb, with the formation and extension of secondary thrombus, the pain plane develops proximally, and when the sensory nerves are necrotic, nociception is weakened or disappeared; early arterial embolism is characterized by the presence of a sock-like sensory loss zone in the distal part of the affected limb, a proximal sensory loss zone, and then proximally a sensory hypersensitivity zone, and the plane of the sensory loss zone is lower than the plane of the embolism; the affected limb is characterized by reduced muscular strength, paresthesia, varying degrees of hand and foot Ptosis, complete loss of motor function suggests that the affected limb has irreversible necrosis, at this time, even if the treatment can partially save the affected limb, but the function can not be completely restored; tissue ischemia can cause the skin to be waxy pale, syncopal cold, if there is still a small amount of blood in the venous plexus, the skin can be island-shaped purple spots, and in severe cases, the skin can be seen to be blisters; acute embolism immediately embolization of the site of arterial pulsation distal to the embolism will be weakened or disappeared. The clinical manifestations of superior mesenteric artery embolism are the same as those of colic obstruction. Sudden severe abdominal cramps, difficult to relieve with ordinary drugs, early for intestinal spasm, and then intestinal necrosis, the pain becomes persistent, accompanied by frequent vomiting, vomit is mostly bloody, some patients have diarrhea, the discharge of dark red blood stools. Early symptoms are obvious and serious, but the abdominal signs are not commensurate with them, which is characteristic of acute intestinal ischemia. At the beginning, the abdomen is soft and not distended, and then the abdomen gradually swells, the pressure pain is obvious, the bowel sound disappears, and the peritoneal irritation sign appears, which indicates that the intestinal necrosis has already occurred, and the patient soon goes into shock. Diagnosis Patients with a history of coronary artery disease, rheumatoid artery disease, aneurysm and atrial fibrillation, and sudden severe limb or abdominal pain, should think of the possibility of arterial embolism. If necessary, imaging examination can be done. For limb artery embolism, the most common and practical one is color ultrasound, which can make a clear diagnosis quickly and does not cause any harm to the patient; for superior mesenteric artery embolism, the most practical one is CT angiography, which can make a clear diagnosis quickly and without any damage, and it can also be done with MRA, etc.; the diagnosis should be clear as to whether or not there is an arterial embolism, where the embolism site is located, whether or not the general condition of the patient can tolerate the operation, and whether or not the patient can tolerate the operation, and whether or not the patient can tolerate the operation. Diagnosis should be made to determine whether there is an arterial embolism, where the embolism is located, whether the patient’s general condition can tolerate the surgery, and the water-electrolyte-acid-base balance and renal function tests. The purpose of treatment is to save the limb and life. 1. Non-surgical treatment is applicable to patients with incomplete embolism in the early stage, or as an auxiliary treatment for surgery. Mainly anticoagulation and thrombolytic treatment, it must be emphasized that any non-surgical treatment cannot replace surgery. Surgery is the main treatment for acute arterial embolism, and the earlier the better. The amputation rate rises with the prolongation of arterial embolism. The method is balloon catheter thrombectomy, superior mesenteric artery thrombectomy or dilatation thrombolytic surgery, etc., so that the blocked blood vessel recanalization. This article is published with the authorization of Dr. Tan Most.