Constipation is a symptom of a number of diseases and is characterized by too little stool, too hard, too difficult to pass, or combined with specific symptoms such as prolonged straining to pass stool, rectal distension, incomplete bowel movements, or even the need for maneuvers to assist in defecation. Without the use of laxatives, spontaneous evacuation of feces not more than 2 times in 1 week or no bowel movement for a long time. The main causes of constipation are 1, general etiology, including irrational dietary habits, such as: food fiber content is too small; bad bowel habits, such as: not on time, long-term inhibition of the urge to defecate; abuse of laxatives; the environment or defecation position changes; pregnancy; old age, nutritional disorders. 2, colon, rectum, pelvic floor organic lesions and functional disorders, including mechanical obstruction of the colon, such as benign and malignant tumors; chronic torsion; specific and non-specific inflammation; anastomotic stenosis; chronic condylomata; endometriosis, etc.; rectum, anal canal outlet obstruction, such as anal fissure, anal canal, rectal stenosis, internal sphincter laxity, anterior rectal dilatation, rectal prolapse, pelvic floor spasm syndrome, puborectal muscle hypertrophy, sacro-rectal separation, and the rectal spasm. Colorectal neuropathy and muscle abnormalities, such as pseudo-intestinal obstruction, congenital megacolon, idiopathic megacolon, mega-rectum, slow-transmitting constipation, irritable bowel syndrome (constipation type), etc. 3. Extracolonic and extrarectal nerve abnormalities, such as various brain disorders, mass compression, spinal cord lesions, multiple sclerosis, and so on. 4. Psychiatric or psychological disorders. 5. Drugs, such as codeine, morphine, antidepressants, anticholinergic agents, iron, and calcium channel antagonists. 6. 6, endocrine abnormalities and metabolic diseases, such as: hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypokalemia, diabetes mellitus, hypopituitarism, pheochromocytoma, lead poisoning and so on. How to consult a doctor when suffering from constipation? The practice of many patients is to go to the hospital or pharmacy to buy some laxatives to take, which has many disadvantages, because the cause of constipation is very complex, some of which are caused by organic lesions such as intestinal tumors, etc., and if the diagnosis is not made as soon as possible, the treatment will be delayed. We suggest that first of all, through the medical history, physical examination, colonoscopy and other means, to exclude organic pathology caused by constipation, if functional constipation, and then the colon transmission test, fecal imaging or anorectal manometry and other tests to determine the type of constipation after further treatment. What are the dangers of taking laxatives for a long time? Many constipated patients take laxatives for a long time, some even take a variety of laxatives for a long time, and the dosage is getting bigger and bigger, the reason for this is because many laxatives on the market contain a large number of anthraquinone compounds, which are destructive to the nerves of the intestinal wall, which in turn makes the intestinal motility function worse, and some patients mistakenly believe that taking laxative dosage is not enough to increase the dosage, which ultimately leads to a vicious circle, and constipation is more serious. The patient’s colon is blackened, and the colon is darkened. Some patients have black changes in the colon, and even have the risk of inducing cancer. Which constipation patients can be treated with surgery? After reading the report that constipation can be treated surgically, some patients have certain misunderstanding in their understanding, thinking that all constipation can be treated by surgery, which is actually not the case. Surgery should only be considered for patients who have had little success after a period of rigorous non-surgical treatment, and for whom various special investigations have shown a clear pathologic anatomy and a confirmed functional abnormality. At the same time, the indications for surgery should be carefully grasped, and the appropriate surgical procedures should be selected for the lesions. When multiple lesions coexist, surgery should be performed to solve the main lesion causing constipation, but also to solve the secondary or sequential lesions at the same time. How to prevent constipation? (1) Improve the lifestyle so that it conforms to the physiology of gastrointestinal passage and defecation movement; increase dietary fiber intake and water intake. (2) Develop good defecation habits. (3) Adjust the psychological state, correctly face the pressure in work and life, and try to avoid large emotional fluctuations. (4) Avoid sitting for a long time and exercise properly to promote bowel movement. (5) Avoid drug factors as much as possible, reduce the constipation that may be caused by all kinds of drugs. (6) For the pathophysiology of constipation, the choice of drug treatment, colon slow transmission type constipation should be selected intestinal dynamics of drugs, reasonable choice of volumetric laxative, lubricating laxative and stimulating laxative, should be avoided to avoid the abuse of laxatives.