Thyroid nodules are mainly abnormal proliferation of thyroid tissue, forming lump-like lesions, and are one of the common diseases of the endocrine system. Treatment of thyroid nodules depends mainly on the specific type of nodule onset, and most patients do not need treatment, while some patients may need medication or surgery. If the patient has a nodular goiter, in addition to ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland, the thyroid function should be checked at the same time. If the thyroid function is normal, in this case, a review can be considered, and it is generally recommended to check the above-mentioned indicators in about six months to a year. For patients with severe hyperthyroidism, it is important to check carefully and use medication reasonably. If the medication is not satisfactory, surgery can be considered. If a patient’s thyroid nodule is considered malignant after examination, it is best to do a local puncture under the guidance of B ultrasound and take a biopsy for pathological examination, mainly to clarify the specific type of lesion, and if it tends to be malignant, it is best to take surgical treatment to remove the lesion completely and then laboratory test it. If the patient’s thyroid nodules are only inflammatory nodules, it is still necessary to consider whether to treat them medically according to the patient’s own symptoms. In conclusion, it is important to examine the thyroid nodules carefully and choose the appropriate treatment plan for the condition after the diagnosis and condition is clear.