1, to pay attention to the normal reference value range Generally speaking, if the laboratory results are within the normal reference range, they can be regarded as normal, and above or below this range, they are regarded as abnormal. However, the current reference range is usually set by the average measurement value of 95% of the normal population to determine, there are 5% of normal people are not within this range, or higher than the upper limit or lower than the lower line. Therefore, the presence of low or high values does not necessarily mean that there is a disease. In addition, the normal reference value range may also vary depending on gender, age, test method and detection system, so when you go to different hospitals, be sure to understand the normal reference value range of the hospital and then determine whether it is normal. 2, pay attention to the changes in test results in different physiological states of different people Is the measurement result “abnormal” necessarily a disease? Generally speaking, abnormal test results must be clinically combined with the patient’s physical signs and other results to make a comprehensive judgment. Take alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as an example, this item is the most routine tumor screening item, if AFP is significantly higher in adults, it may be primary liver cancer, but 50% of patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis also have an increase, while the increase in AFP in pregnant women is a normal physiological phenomenon. For example, the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin content are generally higher in highland areas than in plain areas, and the same result in highland areas may be a patient with anemia. Therefore, when you find that certain indicators of the test report are abnormal, you should first ask a specialist to help interpret them and make an objective judgment of your situation under the guidance of your doctor. 3, a number of test results to be integrated analysis of laboratory tests are rarely made one, the laboratory will be based on the clinical significance of different tests to do the corresponding test combination, in order to reflect the patient’s situation from a different perspective. For example, a patient suspected of having liver disease, if the glutathione aminotransferase is elevated, indicating that there is damage to liver cells, but the causes of liver damage are many, often for the detection of hepatitis serum markers, to determine the type of hepatitis. Another example is that in a patient with anemia, not only the blood count should be checked to determine the severity of the anemia, but also the peripheral blood cell pattern, reticulocyte count, and bone marrow cytology to determine what kind of anemia and hematopoietic function it is. Once the diagnosis of the disease is clear, the correct treatment plan will be established. 4, pay attention to the units used to report the results There are three most common ways to report laboratory results, the first is negative, positive, which is a qualitative test to determine, for example, HBsAg positive, it means that the patient has the hepatitis B virus in the body. The second is titer, which is often used for antibody determination, such as antinuclear antibody 1:16, etc. It is a semi-quantitative reporting method. The third is to use specific numerical reporting, look at the numerical reporting of test results to pay attention to the units of measurement behind, because the units used are different, the resulting data is different, sometimes thousands of times different. So in determining the trend of their test results, do not just look at the numbers, pay attention to the unit, only the same unit of measurement, the results are comparable. 5, clarify the purpose of the test laboratory tests are mainly used to assist clinicians in diagnosis, observation of the efficacy and regression of the disease. Some laboratory tests are of definite significance to confirm the diagnosis of a certain disease. For example, the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum can confirm the diagnosis of open pulmonary tuberculosis. However, there are many other tests that must be combined with clinical symptoms, physical signs and other tests to confirm the diagnosis. If a disease has been diagnosed, changes in the results of specific tests can be of great value in determining the effectiveness of treatment and changes in the condition. In the above mentioned anemic patients, if the red blood cell count and hemoglobin gradually increase and return to normal after treatment, it means that the treatment is effective and is an important indicator to determine whether the disease is cured or not. In other words, the return of normal laboratory indicators is usually an indication of improvement. However, it must be noted that the appearance of meaningful laboratory indicators at the beginning of the patient’s life is not necessarily synchronized, and there is a sequence of changes in the indicators during the course of the disease, as well as changes in the indicators after treatment. Regarding the clinical interpretation in this regard, patients are not professionally trained and generally do not have the ability to make objective judgments, so it is best to consult the relevant doctors and laboratory physicians. 6, pay attention to the combination of their own clinical performance, to make a comprehensive analysis of the same disease, can appear different symptoms, different disease symptoms are likely to be similar, laboratory results are also the same. Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease must be combined with the patient’s physical signs, imaging examinations, etc. in the analysis of laboratory results. In terms of the treatment process, some laboratory indicators may have returned to normal, while others have not changed; or the symptoms of the disease may have disappeared, but the laboratory results are not normal; conversely, the laboratory results are normal, but the symptoms have not disappeared. These situations are not uncommon in clinical practice. At this time, it is more important to listen to the doctor’s advice and continue to observe. 7, pay attention to the correct collection of specimens, to understand the condition of their own blood collection specimens collected incorrectly, directly affect the test results. The most common, such as: not fasting blood collection (in general, laboratory blood sampling requires fasting for about 12 hours, when the results are most stable, except for the exception of blood collection after meals); blood specimens hemolysis, severe lipemia will have an impact on many indicators; antibiotics used after the bacterial culture; collection is not a pathological specimen or mixed with other normal components of the body, such specimens are invalid, the test results are wrong, and thus The judgment made is also inaccurate; some drugs can also affect the test results, if necessary, need to stop the drug (under the guidance of a doctor), so we should comply with the requirements of the retention of specimens to get the correct test results. In short, the human body is the most complex organism, every moment is carrying out physiological activities, reflecting the physical condition of the indicators also vary with the physiological and pathological conditions of the body, so we should be objective, rational analysis of test results, so as not to bring their own confusion.