Many people think that back pain, leg and foot pain is a normal phenomenon in old age, and they think that this pain does not need to be treated, and that they can get over it after a while. In fact, once the symptoms of osteoporosis become apparent, the bone mass in the bones has already been lost by more than 30%-50%. This is due to the reduction of minerals in the bones and the thinning and brittleness of the bone trabeculae or fracture of the bones, which leads to the above symptoms. We must pay attention to the above symptoms, timely examination and treatment, not to be taken lightly, otherwise the pain will not disappear, but will further aggravate. So what is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass, degradation of bone microstructure, and decreased bone strength, due to which even minor trauma and even daily activities can lead to osteoporotic fractures. The most frequent sites of osteoporotic fractures are the spine, hip, and wrist. The risk of re-fracture after an osteoporotic fracture also increases significantly. So what kind of people are prone to osteoporosis? In clinical practice, we have found that the incidence of osteoporosis tends to be higher in middle-aged and elderly people, especially in middle-aged and elderly women. The reasons for this are as follows: (1) reduced secretion of sex hormones in middle-aged and elderly people, especially the decline of estrogen levels in women after menopause; (2) disorders of bone metabolism due to the dysregulation of calcium-regulating hormone secretion with age; (3) insufficient intake of protein, calcium, phosphorus, vitamins and trace elements as the elderly eat less; (4) reduced outdoor exercise. In fact, we can see that osteoporosis is an ageing change, in the age of 30-40 years, the number of bone in human body reaches the peak in life, after that, with the growth of age, the number of bone starts to decrease, the cortical bone becomes thinner, and the bone trabeculae decrease. So how can we prevent osteoporosis in the general population, especially in middle-aged and older people? First of all, in adolescence and prime of life, we should develop good habits, stay away from tobacco, alcohol, carbonated drinks and less coffee, which will lead to the loss of calcium elements in the body. At the same time, it is important to maintain good exercise habits and the right amount of sunshine to increase the calcium in the bones. Try to get a higher peak and quality of bone mass in your 30s and 40s so that even if you lose bone mass later, you will have a better calcium base. For middle-aged and older people, it is best to take one calcium dose each night before bed to offset low blood calcium at night. The prevention of osteoporosis is even better if vitamin D is taken along with calcium supplements. For middle-aged and older women, we recommend starting regular calcium supplements around the time of menopause. In addition to oral calcium supplements, middle-aged and elderly people should also pay attention to reasonable diet and exercise. Quit smoking and limit alcohol, don’t have partial diet and drink more milk. Some elderly people are afraid of osteoporotic fractures, so they adopt a “quiet but not active” lifestyle, not knowing that maintaining a normal amount of bone calcium and bone density requires constant exercise stimulation. The reduction in exercise and lack of physical activity will accelerate bone loss. Therefore, physical exercise has a positive effect on the prevention of osteoporosis. Middle-aged and elderly people should try to participate in as many physical activities as possible under the premise of protecting their own safety. The main symptoms of osteoporosis: 1, pain: pain is the most common and main symptom of osteoporosis, mostly seen in the lower back. 2, height shortening, hunchback: it is caused by the deformation of vertebrae caused by osteoporosis, and is one of the important clinical signs. 3.Fracture: the most serious consequence of osteoporosis is fracture. Common sites include the hip, thoracolumbar spine, distal radius, proximal humerus and ankle. If, unfortunately, we have an osteoporotic fracture, how should we treat it? Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures of the thoracolumbar segment are one of the most common fractures, and here is an example of a spinal compression fracture. At present, surgery is mostly advocated for vertebral body height loss greater than 1/3, or multi-segment compression fractures with severe pain. With the development of medical devices and surgical techniques, percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous cone kyphoplasty are gradually becoming a treatment trend. Doctors will inject bone cement into the patient’s compressed vertebral body to enhance the strength of the affected vertebrae, improve the kyphosis deformity and relieve pain. At the same time, oral calcium supplements, moderate amounts of sunlight and functional training are administered.