Carpal tunnel syndrome, also known as carpal tunnel stenosis, refers to a condition in which trauma, fracture, dislocation, sprain or wrist strain of the wrist causes thickening of the transverse carpal ligament, swelling of the musculature in the canal, degeneration of the tissue due to stasis and mechanization, or degeneration and hyperplasia of the carpal bone, which reduces the circumference of the canal lumen, thus compressing the median nerve and causing numbness and weakness of the fingers. The main symptoms of this disease are as follows: numbness or tingling in the 3.5 fingers on the patient’s flexor side, increased at night, waking up with pain after sleeping, pain is aggravated when the temperature is high, and can be alleviated after activity or shaking the hand; cold, cyanotic, insensitive finger activity in the cold season, poor thumb abduction muscle strength; in severe cases, atrophy of the muscles between the small and large fissures on the affected side, shiny skin, thickened nails, and even ulceration of the affected finger and other symptoms of neurotrophic disorders. Most patients can be relieved by non-surgical treatment, and only some patients need surgical treatment. Conservative treatment is suitable for patients with mild symptoms and short duration of disease, or poor general condition, which is not suitable for surgery. Treatment includes local steroid injection into the carpal tunnel, fixation of the wrist joint in a neutral or slightly extended position with a cast or splint, and physical therapy. Surgical treatment is suitable for patients who are ineffective in conservative treatment or recurrence, and patients with obvious numbness and muscle atrophy can be treated by carpal tunnel dissection and decompression. Since the 1950s, it has been a common method of treatment for the disease, which is safe and effective. The disease should also be alerted to the possibility of intracarpal tunnel occupancy.