1. Due to the dysfunctional social consciousness and the higher heritability of mental illness, people with mental illness have been misunderstood and discriminated by society because people just live in their own mental world, and their marital problems become more difficult. In fact, mentally ill people, like normal people, have emotional needs, sexual needs, and marital needs. There is no doubt that mentally ill people have the freedom and right to marry. But because of the hereditary nature of mental illness and the lack of social competence, in order for us to live and study and work better in the future, but also in order not to return here again, the need to have a scientific understanding of this issue, we have a brief discussion on the issue of marriage for everyone, any questions are welcome to raise, the shortcomings hope that you criticize the correction, 2, what are the necessary conditions for marriage?
The necessary conditions for marriage are: both men and women voluntarily. (2) to reach the legal age of marriage. (3) the principle of monogamy.
What are the prohibited conditions for marriage?
Article 7 of the Marriage Law states that “marriage is prohibited in one of the following cases: (a) blood relatives in the direct line and collateral blood relatives within three generations; (b) suffering from diseases that are medically considered unfit for marriage.” Simply put, it is forbidden to marry relatives and forbidden to marry diseases, forbidden to marry diseases mainly include two categories: one is the mental aspects of the disease, including mental illness, severe mental retardation, etc.; one is the physical aspects of the disease, mainly refers to those major incurable infectious or hereditary diseases that are sufficient to endanger the health of the other party and the next generation. The specific medical conditions that prohibit marriage can be determined according to the “Guiding Standards for the Classification of Abnormal Conditions” issued by the Ministry of Health.
What is an invalid marriage? What circumstances are included?
(1) bigamy, (2) prohibited relatives, (3) pre-marriage suffering from diseases that are medically considered unfit for marriage and have not been cured after marriage; (4) under the legal age of marriage.
Explanation: Pre-marital illnesses that are medically unfit for marriage and have not been cured after marriage. It includes two elements: first, one or both parties in the marriage before the medical opinion should not be married disease, it includes mental illness and major incurable infectious or hereditary diseases; second, one or both parties are not cured of the disease after the marriage. Even if the parties are not cured when they are not married, if they are cured after the marriage, the marriage of the parties is legally valid.
Abnormalities in the classification of the guidance standards (for trial) a, not allowed to marry: both parties to the marriage are suffering from severe mental retardation.
Second, the marriage is suspended: schizophrenia, manic depression and other mental illness during the onset.
(3) can marry, but not allowed to have children: either party to the marriage is suffering from the following polygenic disease of high-incidence family patients: schizophrenia, manic-depressive disorder and other psychiatric disease stable, (Note: high-incidence family refers to the patient, in addition to his own parents or siblings have one or more people suffering from the same genetic disease) need to be carefully considered: 4. marriage and childbirth is sufficient to aggravate the aggravation of the disease of both parties to the marriage.
It is generally believed that not all psychiatric disorders are hereditary, but most of them have a genetic component. In psychiatric practice, schizophrenia and affective disorders have a clear genetic predisposition. These two types of disorders account for about 50% or more of all psychiatric disorders and are common and prevalent in psychiatry. Studies at home and abroad have confirmed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among relatives of these two types of patients is significantly higher than that of the general population, and the closer the blood relationship, the greater the risk of disease. This indicates that there is a relationship between their onset and genetic factors.
An authoritative study of foster children in China confirmed that the prevalence of mental illness in children born to mothers with these two types of illnesses was still higher in foster families with mentally healthy adoptive parents, while the prevalence did not increase in children born to normal mothers who were raised by adoptive parents with these two types of illnesses, suggesting that genetic factors play an important role.
The heritability of schizophrenia is about 75%, and the heritability of affective disorders is between 80% and 85%, with genetic factors generally considered to play a major role if they exceed 50%.
Of course, the influence of psychological, social or environmental factors on the development of schizophrenia or affective disorders cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is now generally accepted that psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and affective disorders have a genetic component as well as an environmental component. However, genetics is a relatively large factor.
3, the etiology of psychiatric disorders?
Very few causes of mental illness are single, while most are a combination of several factors. There are mainly the following factors that can lead to psychiatric disorders.
(1) Genetic factors heredity plays an important role in the development of psychiatric disorders.
(2) Quality; refers to the entire functional state and somatoform characteristics of the individual based on genetic qualities and the interaction of the internal and external environment during development. Qualities and personality traits are closely related to mental illness. Personality characteristics are formed by the interaction between the individual’s innate qualities and the acquired environment, so the relationship between quality and personality characteristics and mental illness is relative, not absolute.
(3) Instrumental factors.
(4) Psychosocial factors: ① Natural and social disasters: most of these disasters come so rapidly and strongly that people are psychologically unprepared. Such as strong earthquakes, floods and fires and other natural disasters. These stressful stimuli cause physiological and psychological stress reactions, which can lead to psychophysiological disorders and behavioral disorders. The nature and intensity of the trauma varies, and whether it leads to the onset of the disease depends on the patient’s emotional experience of the specific stimulus and the situation at that time. The death of a relative, serious disability caused by a vicious accident, these strong life events can cause mental disorders, and some other life events of little intensity but persistent, such as repeated setbacks at work, long-term discord between husband and wife, etc. caused by the stress effect, caused by internal conflicts and contradictions, such as the accumulation of development over time, can also cause mental disorders. ③Family relations: With the improvement of people’s living standards, people have higher and higher requirements for the relationship between family members, family members have a kind of energy that can buffer the excessive tension of daily life, such as a good family atmosphere can enhance the intimacy between members, add a pleasant and joyful state of mind, and control certain undesirable behavior. Contrary to this, there are more and more mental illnesses due to poor family members’ relationship and atmosphere in recent years. ④Social environment factors Different social environments have different effects on people’s mental. The incidence of alcohol dependence is higher in people of low social class, and social isolation early in life can lead to certain personality abnormalities, emotional disorders, and indifference to people around. In addition, social support acts as a buffer during the stress process, which reduces the degree of stress and thus effectively reduces the incidence of mental illness. Modern metropolises also add to people’s somatic and psychological stress, such as congested and busy traffic, annoying noise, crowded housing, complex interpersonal relationships, environmental pollution and frequent accidents, all of which have a negative impact on mental health. ⑤ Cultural and ethnic factors: Cultural factors or regional differences have a greater impact on mental health, which are related to customs and lifestyles.
How to prevent relapse of mental illness?
(1) Early, systematic and thorough treatment is required.
(2) Regular outpatient review and adherence to maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs. Maintenance treatment is an important and effective way to prevent relapse of psychosis, but it must also be combined with psychological, industrial recreation and environmental treatment.
(3) Patients should treat their illness correctly, adapt to the real environment with a positive and optimistic attitude, and properly handle and treat their personal life, work, marriage, family, and future.
(4) Pay attention to the early symptoms of relapse, such as insomnia, early sleep, dreaminess and other sleep disorders; headache, dizziness, fatigue and other vegetative nerve dysfunction; irritability, anxiety and depression and other mood disorders and intermittent hallucinations, delusions and strange behavior, etc., should be given sufficient attention or timely consultation.
(5) Actively participate in social activities, improve social adaptability, and enhance treatment confidence. In short, only comprehensive measures of medication, somatic, psychological and social environment can truly prevent relapse.
4.How should I treat love and marriage if I have mental illness?
Modern medical research shows that schizophrenia, affective psychosis, primary epilepsy and certain mental retardation and other psychiatric disorders all have a more certain genetic predisposition. So, are all people with mental illnesses unable to marry and have children? The answer is no, because some psychiatric disorders are not genetically related. Even for the above-mentioned diseases with obvious genetic predisposition, heredity is not the only factor that can be considered when their diseases are treated promptly and reasonably with certain conditions. However, they should be cautious about their marriage and should not engage in it lightly.
First of all, the disease has not yet been cured, still taking medication to cure the patient should not marry. Because, on the one hand, patients may still have hallucinations, delusions and abnormal speech and behavior, and do not have the ability to take care of personal and family life, not to mention the ability to educate children and deal with various interpersonal relationships. On the other hand, excessive social activities, such as purchasing newlywed items, decorating the new house, wedding receptions, etc., cause excessive stress and financial strain, which is detrimental to the treatment and recovery of the disease. Therefore, patients at this stage should not fall in love and get married.
Second, although the disease has recovered, but the past frequent relapses or easy to recurring fluctuations in the patient can not get married for the time being. Because the disease has not yet stabilized, still must continue to maintain treatment. Some patients are often prematurely discontinued due to love and marriage, resulting in relapse, bringing unnecessary trouble and pain to patients and families. Therefore, to consolidate the disease, stable 3-5 years before marriage is appropriate if necessary, you can consult the relevant experts, you can choose a reasonable time to get married, which is beneficial to patients, families, and society and eugenics.
Third, the condition returns to normal, continues to be stable for 3-5 years, personal family life ability and social function recovery can be considered love marriage, but should pay attention to the following two points: ① spouse should not be schizophrenic or other psychiatric patients with genetic predisposition. This is because if both spouses are mentally ill, there is a great chance that the disease will be passed on to the children, which is not conducive to eugenics. ② The spouse should be informed of the disease before marriage, and should be combined under the principle of mutual consent. Otherwise, patients deceive each other, that is, it is not easy to adhere to the medication, but also afraid to go to the hospital to review, resulting in the relapse of the disease. In addition, due to the concealment of medical history before marriage, when the disease relapses, will give the spouse a greater mental blow, which often affects family relations, and even lead to family breakdown.
5, psychosis and eugenics psychosis is under the influence of various internal and external pathogenic factors, the brain function activity disorder, resulting in cognitive, emotional, behavioral awareness and other mental activity disorders. In the attack, or excitement and agitation, can not be self-control; or fear and anxiety, emotional indifference. There are many types of psychiatric disorders, and it is currently believed that schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, paranoid psychosis and epileptic psychosis are all genetically related.
The causes of psychosis are so far unclear. Surveys in the Shanghai area and foreign data suggest that genetic factors have an important influence on the onset of psychosis. It has been found through surveys that the incidence rate of relatives of psychiatric patients is significantly higher than that of the general population, and the closer the blood relationship with the patient, the higher the prevalence of schizophrenia.
So how should psychiatric patients treat the issue of marriage and childbirth? Generally speaking, if the disease is cured for two years without relapse, marriage can be considered. During the onset of the disease, it is obviously inappropriate to marry because the patient cannot work or study normally and cannot take care of himself/herself. Some regions believe that this kind of patients can marry “happy”, make the disease better is not based on science, but this may cause adverse consequences. If both men and women suffer from the same mental illness, even if cured, their children have more chances of developing, this situation is also not suitable for marriage.
In the matter of procreation, the general principle is that it should be controlled. During a psychotic episode, the patient has difficulty managing his or her daily life, so it is certainly not advisable to get pregnant and have children, and pregnancy may worsen the existing disease. If the psychotic symptoms are largely resolved and the patient is on maintenance medication, it is also not advisable to become pregnant, as large amounts of sedatives may cause fetal malformation. In addition, since the parents themselves are mentally abnormal and cannot educate their children well, it is better for psychiatric patients not to have children for the well-being of their own families and in order not to bring tragedies to the next generation.
Suffering from psychosis, including schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, and other heavy psychoses, such as paranoid psychosis and organic mental disorder. These patients will lose self-control during the onset period, and if they are female patients who get pregnant after marriage and take a lot of antipsychotic drugs, the health of the fetus will be affected, such as fetal developmental malformations. Therefore, such patients should hold off on marriage, after active treatment for more than two years to stabilize the condition before marriage is more secure.
5, psychiatric patients should be genetic counseling before marriage Although psychiatric patients have the freedom and right to marry, but because of the hereditary nature of mental illness and the lack of social competence, it is generally believed that psychiatric patients should undergo genetic counseling before marriage to prevent the occurrence of genetic diseases. The main thing is to pay attention to the following aspects.
(1) Never marry close relatives. The incidence of hereditary diseases is high in children born from consanguineous marriages. If there are people with mental illness in the family, people who are close to him may also carry similar genes, and if the marriage of close relatives, the children born have a greater chance of developing mental illness, because the chance of inheriting mental illness increases according to the geometric base (2) If one of the parties has mental illness, it is best not to find a positive family history of marriage, because this will increase the chances of inheriting mental illness. The incidence of mental illness in children born to couples in which one or both partners have mental illness is significantly higher than in the general population. Therefore, caution must be exercised in the matter of childbirth.
(3) Patients with severe mental illness who cannot work and study normally, or even live on their own, must be careful about marriage. Because, in this case, it is also difficult to bring joy and happiness to the family after marriage.
Doctors can only remind and advise patients and their loved ones to some extent, and how to go and live in the end is the patient’s own right, and it all depends on the decision of the patient and his loved ones. However, it is hoped that both the patient and his or her loved ones will handle the situation with care. After all, the well-being of many people is at stake. (Jiang Li) The dangers of rash and blind marriages It is generally believed that it is not only the patient himself who needs to be informed about the dangers of rash marriages of mental patients, but also the patient’s parents. Although marriage is one’s own business and a personal right, it is also necessary for individuals to take it seriously.
First of all, the extremely high heritability of mental illness is a difficult barrier to cross for many families who desire the next generation. During a general interview, one such example was talked about: a couple in Fangshan District, the woman was a psychiatric patient, but the man did not know about it before the marriage. After the marriage, the wife became ill, and at the same time, they had three children, all of whom were mentally ill. The husband was not only in mental isolation and misery, but also in extreme financial straits. As you can see, one must be cautious in a marriage for the purpose of procreation.
Second, blind marriage may lead to interruption of treatment and recurrence of mental illness. The interruption of treatment and the stress of post-marital life can cause relapse or even aggravation.
Third, the lack of social competence of psychiatric patients, who cannot bear the burden of starting a family, finally causes many family tragedies.
Can patients with mental illness get married then, can these patients get married and have children? This is a matter of great concern to patients and their families. It is generally believed that the marriage requirements of these psychiatric patients are unquestionable, because a significant portion of psychiatric patients, whose onset buffer period is quite long, may have symptoms only two or three times in their lifetime, and it is immoral to deprive them of the right to marry because of this brief onset of illness. Therefore, we must face up to the need of mentally ill people to get married. However, because of the complexity of mental illness itself, we also have to treat it differently.
For those who have recovered well, have been in remission for several years of sustained stability, and can return to normal workers, they should be allowed to marry and lead a normal life. However, in the post-marriage life, it is important to adhere to medication and treatment to avoid relapse of the disease.
Patients who are still in treatment, usually still on medication, often do not have the ability to take care of their personal and family life, cannot assume the responsibilities assigned to their social role, cannot raise their children well and cannot handle various interpersonal relationships, therefore, doctors should tell patients and their loved ones about the hazards of getting married so that they can make a clear decision afterwards.