Liver transplantation is the ideal solution for advanced liver disease, and it has been mature for more than 40 years. The majority of patients can obtain a more satisfactory outcome. In 1977, China launched the attempt of human liver transplantation, which started late. With the accumulation of experience, especially in the past 10 years, liver transplantation in China has been among the international advanced ranks. As of October 2011, a total of about 20,000 liver transplantations have been performed nationwide, and the postoperative outcomes have approached international advanced levels. According to the donor liver implantation site, it can be divided into in situ liver transplantation and allogeneic liver transplantation. In situ liver transplantation can be divided into classical liver transplantation and backpack liver transplantation according to the anastomosis between the vein of the donor liver and the inferior vena cava of the recipient. In order to solve the problems of shortage of donor liver and liver transplantation in children, living partial liver transplantation, reduced volume liver transplantation, split (split) liver transplantation, domino liver transplantation, and abandoned liver transplantation have emerged one after another. Of course, liver transplantation also has certain problems: 1. There are too few sources of livers. 2. The cost of perioperative period is relatively high. 3. There are various immediate and long-term complications. 4. Long-term anti-rejection drugs are required after surgery.