Patients on regular dialysis require an arteriovenous fistula to thicken and thicken the superficial veins to facilitate puncture during dialysis. The endovascular fistula is the “lifeline” of the dialysis patient, and care should be taken to protect it. (1) It is best to establish an arteriovenous endovascular fistula in advance of entering hemodialysis. (2) The fistula limb should not be flexed for 24 to 48 hours after surgery to avoid pressure; the functional exercise of the operated limb should be emphasized for 5 to 7 days after surgery to promote blood circulation. (3) Generally, it is appropriate to start puncturing the endovascular fistula after 6 to 8 weeks of development, as premature puncture is prone to bleeding and thrombosis. (4) Keep the arm clean before dialysis and avoid contact with water at the puncture site after dialysis; (5) The strength of compression to stop bleeding after dialysis is based on the standard of no bleeding, and the principle of feeling pulsation or tremor, not too much force to block the blood flow. The duration of compression is usually 15-20 minutes. (6) Care for endovascular blood flow. A good endovascular dialysis flow should be at least 300 ml/min. (7) Self-check the fistula for tremors or vascular murmurs 2 to 3 times daily. (8) Avoid hanging heavy objects or pressure on the arm on the side of the fistula; generally do not use the limb on the side of the fistula for blood pressure measurement or intravenous infusion. (9) If there is a pseudoaneurysm, apply an elastic bandage to protect it from continuous dilation and accidental rupture. (10) Keep blood pressure stable. Low blood pressure is prone to thrombosis; high blood pressure is prone to aneurysm formation and endovascular rupture. (11) Patients with high coagulation are prone to thrombosis, so appropriate thrombosis prevention drugs can be applied.