Compared to thyroid nodules, hyperthyroidism is more serious. Hyperthyroidism tends to induce serious heart arrhythmias and can lead to hyperthyroid heart disease, which can potentially cause serious damage to the patient’s body. Hyperthyroidism is usually secondary to a thyroid nodule and is a relatively serious condition because of its long history and the need for systematic treatment, monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate changes and, if necessary, surgery. Thyroid nodules are usually benign nodules, and single nodules can be followed up and observed regularly, especially if they have a smooth surface and no obvious clinical symptoms, so they do not require treatment and are relatively non-serious. Hyperthyroidism is more serious than thyroid nodules and must be treated.