Chlamydia trachomatis is a pathogen that can cause trachoma. Chlamydia trachomatis causes infection of the conjunctiva and cornea, leading to the symptoms of trachoma. Trachoma is an infectious disease and must be treated aggressively as well as prevented. The typical clinical manifestation of trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the formation of a rough and uneven appearance on the surface of the lid conjunctiva, resembling grains of sand. This is due to prolonged inflammation of the conjunctiva, which results in the formation of a large number of papillae and follicles. Chlamydia trachomatis is highly contagious and can be spread by droplet transmission, contact transmission, sexual transmission, and vertical transmission from mother to child. The incidence of the disease is extremely high in rural areas with poor medical care. Rifampin or erythromycin eye drops are the most common eye drops used to treat trachoma, which can inhibit the growth and reproduction of Chlamydia trachomatis in the patient’s body to treat the disease. Trachoma is a chronic disease and treatment requires long-term medication and regular review. For patients with more advanced symptoms, more complications can occur: corneal clouding leading to blindness, lid adhesions, severe dry eye, inversion of the eyelids, impingement, and lacrimal sacculitis. In severe cases, surgical treatment is required to avoid affecting the ability to see normally. The usual personal care to avoid infection with Chlamydia trachomatis can promote healing of the disease. Pay attention to facial hygiene, develop the habit of washing your hands frequently, and avoid rubbing your eyes with your hands as much as possible to avoid inducing infection. In conclusion, Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of trachoma. Awareness of hygiene and avoidance of exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis can help maintain healthy eyes.