Trachoma is a chronic infectious conjunctival keratitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and is named because of the rough and uneven appearance of the lid conjunctiva, which resembles grains of sand. In the early stages of the disease process, there is infiltration of the conjunctiva, such as papillae and follicular hyperplasia, along with corneal vascular opacification; in the late stages, scarring of the affected lid conjunctiva occurs, resulting in inversion of the eyelid deformity, which aggravates the damage to the cornea and can seriously affect vision or even cause blindness. The incubation period is 5 to 14 days and the disease occurs in both eyes, mostly in childhood or adolescence. How is trachoma treated? Trachoma should be treated promptly and thoroughly. The main treatment method is eye drops. During the day, eye drops such as 0.1% rifampin eye drops, 10% sodium sulfacetamide eye drops (also called zebra eye solution), and 0.25% chloramphenicol eye drops are commonly used. Apply erythromycin or tetracycline eye ointment at night before going to bed. The key to treatment is to insist on regular medication, and stubborn trachoma requires medication for at least 3 months. For severe trachoma it can be treated with surgery. Follicular extrusion is more commonly used, as well as friction or cryosurgery. Complications caused by trachoma such as entropion, lash regrowth, dacryocystitis and corneal vascularization can be treated accordingly with surgery such as entropion correction, electrolysis of inverted eyelashes, lacrimal sac nasal anastomosis and even corneal transplantation.